应用文写作之体裁分类突破二
建议信
文脉架构要知晓
建议信是生活中常见的一种文体，是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议或忠告。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。
具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以firstly， secondly， thirdly或to begin/start with， then， later， last but not least 等依次陈述建议。写作结构为：
黄金表达要记牢
1.I’m sorry to hear that you have difficulty with the scientific experiment class.I’m writing to give you some tips/suggestions.
听说你在科学实验课上有困难，我很遗憾。我写信给你一些建议。
2.I’m pleased to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to get along well with your classmates.
非常高兴收到你的来信，在信中你关于如何与同学好好相处向我征求建议。
3.What’s more，you may as well join in a summer camp， which not only broadens your horizons but also helps you develop the spirit of teamwork.
另外，你不妨参加夏令营，这不但开拓你的视野而且有助于你培养团队精神。
4.Last but not least， having a face－to－face talk with your parents peacefully and listening patiently is a better choice.
最后但同样重要的是，与你的父母进行面对面地交谈并耐心倾听是比较好的选择。
5.I do hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you./I really hope you will find these suggestions useful.
我确实希望我的建议对你有益。/我真的希望你会发现这些建议有用。
满分范文要背好
假定你是李华，得知你的英国朋友Peter所在的学校将要举办“汉语朗读比赛”（Chinese Reading Contest），请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.建议他参加；
2.提几点建议。
注意：1.词数80左右
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
Dear Peter，
I am glad to learn that a Chinese Reading Contest will be hosted in your school.Knowing that you are really into Chinese culture， I’m writing to advise you to participate in it.（点明写作目的）
First of all， by reading Chinese poems or essays， you can improve your knowledge of Chinese culture.I recommend you to read Tang poems because they are shorter and easier to read.You should set aside some time to read them every day before the Contest.What’s more， I am convinced that it will also be great fun and beneficial to your language learning.（具体建议）
I do hope you can join the contest.（表达愿望）
Yours，
Li Hua
推荐信
文脉架构要知晓
从推荐者的情况来分，可以分为自荐信和推荐信两种。具体写作结构为：
黄金表达要记牢
1. Learning that you are coming to visit China， I’d like to recommend several places of interest to you.
得知你将来中国游玩，我向你推荐几处名胜。
2.Having learnt that our library is planning to buy new books， I’m willing to recommend you some books.
得知我们图书馆打算买新书，我愿意向您推荐一些。
3.I’m more than glad/pleased/delighted to learn that you are going to Beijing， and I’d like to offer my recommendation.
得知你要去北京我很高兴，我想向你提一些建议。
4.Through these courses， you will have a good understanding of the Chinese languages as well as its culture.
通过这些课程，您将对中文及其文化有很好的了解。
5. I do hope you can take my recommendations into account/consideration and make a final decision.
我真希望你能考虑我的建议并做出最后的决定。
满分范文要背好
假定你是李华，得知你校外籍教师Peter计划在暑假回国，他想送给母亲可以代表中国文化特色的礼物，请给他写一封邮件，向他推荐礼物。内容包括：
1.推荐礼物；
2.推荐原因；
3.表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
Dear Peter，
I’m glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture.And I am writing to give you some advice.（点明写作目的）
Personally， I think you should buy the following two gifts： Qipao and Chinese knot.Qipao， a very beautiful traditional dress for Chinese women， can show the real beauty of a woman.I am sure your mother will like it very much.What’s more， it is also a good choice for you to buy the Chinese knot.It is usually hung in the sitting room or cars， which represents good luck.（推荐理由）
Wish you a good vacation.Please give my best wishes to your family.（表达期待）
Yours，
Li Hua
申请信
文脉架构要知晓
申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请等。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示，写作时除应注意格式上的要求外，也应注意审题全面，不能遗漏要点。具体写作结构为：
黄金表达要记牢
1.My name is Li Hua.I would like to work as volunteer for 2022 Beijing－Zhangjiakou Winter Olympic Games.So I am writing to apply to be a volunteer.
我叫李华。我想成为 2022 年北京—张家口冬奥会的志愿者。
2.I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to work as a volunteer.
我写信给你是希望我可以获得一个成为志愿者的机会。
3.I feel honored if I have a chance to do voluntary work for the guests from all over the world.
如果有机会为来自世界各地的客人服务，我会感到很荣幸。
4.Secondly， I speak English fluently， which enables me to communicate well with foreigners.Last but not least， I have the experience of doing voluntary work.
其次，我会说一口流利的英语，这使我能够很好地与外国人交流。最后但同等重要的是，我有从事志愿工作的经验。
5.I’d appreciate it if you take my application into consideration and I’m looking forward to your early reply.
如果您考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激，我期待着您的早日回复。
满分范文要背好
假定你是李华，暑期在纽约学习，得知当地博物馆要举办中国瓷器 （china）展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1.写信意图；
2.应征目的、优势。
注意：1.词数 80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
Dear Sir，
I am Li Hua， a Chinese student who is taking a summer course in New York now.I have learned from your advertisement that a Chinese china exhibition will be held in the local museum， so I am writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.（点明写信目的）
I can speak fluent English as well as standard Chinese.Besides， I once learned a lot about china in our school china club and have been crazy about collecting varieties of cups made of china.Young and energetic， I’m keen on communicating with foreign friends.Thus， I’m convinced that I’m qualified for the job.（详述个人优势）
I would be grateful if my application could meet with your approval.I am looking forward to your reply.（表达期待）
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
感谢信
文脉架构要知晓
感谢信是重要的礼仪文书，是向帮助、关心和支持过自己的集体或个人表示感谢的书信，有感谢和表扬双重意思。其结构通常为：
黄金表达要记牢
1.With the deepest gratitude， I’m writing to you to express my appreciation for your kind help with my English all these years.
怀着最深切的感激之情，我写信给您，以表达我对您多年来对我的英语帮助的感激之情。
2.I would like to take this opportunity to express my thanks for your timely help and assistance.
我愿借此机会对您的及时帮助表示感谢。
3.In the past few years， we have benefited much from your wonderful work.
在过去的几年里，我们从你出色的工作中获益颇多。
4.Thanks to your generous help， without which I wouldn’t have made such great progress.
感谢你的慷慨帮助，要是没有你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。
5.Thank you again.Wish you a pleasant journey home and all the best for the future.
再次感谢你。祝你回家旅途愉快，未来一切顺利。
满分范文要背好
假定你是一名加拿大籍交换生 David，2020 年来到中国华为公司学习，期间好友李华在汉语学习和生活方面给了你很大的帮助。请你给他写信，表示感谢。要点如下：
1.简述你在公司学习期间遇到的困难，如语言、生活等；
2.感谢好友李华给予的帮助；
3.邀请他来加拿大旅游。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
Dear Li Hua，
I am writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for your generous help given to me.Without your encouragement and advice， I wouldn’t have benefited so much from the experience.（点明写信目的）
During my stay in Huawei， I came across a lot of difficulties.First of all， Chinese was the major troublemaker for me.It was you who encouraged me to be confident to express myself fluently in Chinese.What’s more， whenever I was overwhelmed by homesickness， you were always with me， and were ready to give me help patiently.（描述经过）
My appreciation is beyond any words and I will be more than pleased if I can show you around Canada in return for your kindness.（再次感谢并表达期望）
Yours，
David
道歉信
文脉架构要知晓
道歉信是要向对方陈述自己不当行为给对方造成不利影响的歉意，或者无法答应对方不违常理的所托的原因。其结构通常为：
黄金表达要记牢
1.I’m writing to apologize to you because I’m unable to go to the bookstore with you as planned/at the appointed time.
我写信是为了向你道歉，因为我不能按计划/在约定时间和你一起去书店了。
2.I really want to accept your invitation and take this opportunity to introduce the traditional Chinese painting to foreign friends， but I’m sorry to tell you that I can’t because I am occupied preparing a performance for the coming National Day.
我真的很想接受您的邀请，并借此机会向外国朋友介绍中国传统绘画，但我很遗憾地告诉您，我不能参加，因为我忙于为即将到来的国庆节表演作准备。
3. The reason why I won’t be available at that time is that my grandfather fell ill suddenly yesterday and my family are taking turns to take care of him in the hospital.So I have to stay with him.
我那时没空的原因是我爷爷昨天突然生病了，我的家人正在医院轮流照顾他。所以我需要和他待在一起。
4.Sorry again for any inconvenience caused by my absence.
对于我的缺席给您带来的不便，我再次表示歉意。
5.I’m very sorry for the sudden change of the plan.And I’m wondering whether it is OK if we go to the exhibition next Saturday morning.
计划突然改变，我感到非常抱歉。我想知道我们下周六上午去看展览是否可以。
满分范文要背好
假如你是李华，你的留学生朋友David想请教你如何使用筷子。你原本打算这周末去他家教他，但你因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示歉意并说明原因；
2.提出补救方案。
注意：1.词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
Dear David，
I’m sorry that I cannot teach you how to use chopsticks at your place this weekend as planned.There is an abrupt change of plan on my end and I need to reschedule this.（点明写信意图）
I have found a video about using chopsticks online， which you can watch in advance.Then if it’s convenient for you， I will teach you in person next weekend.I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.（道歉的内容及补救措施）
Looking forward to your reply.（表达期待）
Yours，
Li Hua
求助信
文脉架构要知晓
求助信是针对自己目前遇到的困难写信请求对方给予帮助的信件类型，因此整篇文章应用一般现在时。其结构通常为：
黄金表达要记牢
1.The reason why I am writing to you is that I quarreled with my friend Lucy and I need your help now.
我给你写信的原因是我和我的朋友露西吵架了，我现在需要你的帮助。
2.During the summer holiday， I’d like to get a part－time job.Would you please do me a favour？
在暑假期间，我想找一份兼职工作。你能帮我一个忙吗？
3.I have some difficulty in learning English grammar， which bothers me a lot.So I have no choice but to turn to you for help.
我在学英语语法方面有困难，这很困扰我。所以我别无选择只能向你求助。
4.I wonder if you can help me with these difficulties.I really appreciate it if you could help me.
我想知道你能否帮助我解决这些问题。如果你能帮助我，我将感激不尽。
5.I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour and spare some time to polish my application letter and resume.
如果您能帮我一个忙，抽出时间来润色我的求职信和简历，我将不胜感激。
满分范文要背好
假定你是李华，准备参加学校组织的英文诗朗诵比赛。请给外教George写封邮件求助，内容包括：
1.说明比赛要求；
2.请他推荐英文诗；
3.请教朗诵技巧。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
【范文必背】
Dear Mr.George，
I’m writing to ask for your help.An English Poetry Reading Contest will be held next weekend in our school.I am eager to have a try.（点明求助意图）
It is required that the theme should be about nature.Each contestant is given up to five minutes to read the poem.So would you please be so kind to give me some recommendations on which poem to choose？ Besides， what I need are the skills of recitation， including pronunciation and intonation， which will perfect my performance. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some guidance.（具体求助内容）
Looking forward to your reply.（期盼回复）
Yours，
Li Hua
咨询信
文脉架构要知晓
咨询信，又称询问信，是写信人对不理解、不熟悉的事情或对某方面的信息感兴趣，希望了解详细信息的信件。
黄金表达要记牢
1.I’m writing to you to ask about how you spent your May Day holiday.
我写信给你是想咨询你是如何度过五一假期的。
2. I’m more than delighted to join in a poetry recitation competition to be held in our school.But I feel puzzled about how to make a good preparation for it.So I’m writing to consult you about something relevant to it.
我非常高兴参加在我们学校举行的诗歌朗诵比赛。但如何做好准备，我感到困惑。所以我写信是想咨询您一些与之相关的事情。
3.As for the money you charge， I’m wondering if it covers the entrance fees for visiting the places listed？
关于你收取的费用，我想知道它是否包含了参观所列景点的入场费？
4.I’d be grateful if you could let me know if there are any special requirements for the course in advance？
如果您能提前告知我这门课程有什么特殊要求，我将不胜感激。
5.I’d appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
如果您能在方便的时候尽早回复，我将不胜感激。
满分范文要背好
假设你是李华，你所在的学校将举行“行走马拉松（walkathon）”公益活动，为贫困山区的孩子们筹款。请给你的美国朋友Chris写一封信，询问他是否愿意一起参加。内容包括：
1.介绍活动的相关内容（例如：时间、长度、参加者等）；
2.你对此项活动的看法；
3.询问对方的意向。
注意：1.词数 80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
Dear Chris，
A walkathon is going to be held to raise money for the kids in poverty－stricken areas.I’m writing to ask if you would like to spare some time to participate in it.（点明询问内容）
The 10 km walkathon， which starts from our school and ends in a nearby village， is scheduled to be held from 1 pm to 4 pm this Sunday afternoon.All the students are welcome to take part.I think this event is of great significance for not only can it build up our body but help those in need.（询问的具体信息）
Please let me know if you are interested.I’m looking forward to meeting you at school this Sunday.（表达期待）
Yours，
Li Hua
第三类 非书信类征文投稿类、广告宣传及海报类(演讲/致辞类、倡议书、通知)
文脉架构要知晓
演讲/致辞类包括发言稿、致辞和竞选稿等，该文体通常要有吸引力，明确发言的对象。演讲稿在语言使用上一定要准确简明、通俗易懂、层次清楚、条理分明。具体写作结构为：
黄金表达要记牢
1.I feel honored to be here to talk to you on regular physical exercise.
我很荣幸能在这里和大家谈谈关于有规律锻炼的问题。
2.Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation.I shall be speaking about environmental protection.
今天我很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是环境保护。
3、I suggest we should fit exercise into our busy schedule， making it part of our daily routine.
我建议我们应该在繁忙的日程安排中安排锻炼，让它成为我们日常生活的一部分。
4.It is known to all that good living habits are important to our physical and mental health.众所周知，良好的生活习惯对我们的身体和心理健康很重要。
5.Thank you for your listening to my speech.
感谢大家倾听我的演讲。
满分范文要背好
假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.介绍活动安排；
3.表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
Dear friends from New Zealand，
I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our school.（提出主题）
For your visit here， we have arranged a variety of/varieties of activities.First， a tour of our campus is scheduled， during which you can enjoy the lovely view of the lake behind the main teaching building.After that， we will hold an exchange meeting about cultural differences between New Zealand and China.Finally， a Peking Opera performance will be given if time permits.Chances are that you will become crazy about Peking Opera.（具体论述）
Wish you an unforgettable time here！ Thank you.（表达祝愿）
倡议书
文脉架构要知晓
倡议书属于应用文的一种，是为倡议或是发起某项活动而写的号召性的公开提议性的专用文体。倡议书一般由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成。具体写作结构为：
黄金表达要记牢
1.I am writing to call on everyone to move against wasting food and take an active part in saving food.
我写信呼吁大家反对浪费食物，积极参与节约食物。
2.On behalf of the Students’ Union， I am writing to call on everyone to take part in our summer program named Care for the Aged.
我代表学生会写信呼吁大家参加我们名为“关爱老人”的暑期项目。
3.To meet the challenges of the senior year， it’s high time that we take action to say no to the unhealthy lifestyle.
为了迎接高中的挑战，现在是我们采取行动拒绝不健康生活方式的时候了。
4.We are supposed to go to bed early and get up early and take meals regularly and slowly enough.
我们应该早睡早起，定时进餐，细嚼慢咽。
5.I am convinced that， with our joint efforts， the happening of wasting food will disappear.我深信，在我们的共同努力下，浪费食物的现象将会消失。
满分范文要背好
假设你是李华，学校学生会主席，为了倡导“美丽校园，绿色生活”的环保理念，请你根据以下要点写一封倡议书，要点如下：
1.倡议目的；
2.具体做法；
3.期待参与。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
To make our living environment more beautiful， on behalf of the University Students’ Union， I’m writing to call on everyone to lead an eco－friendly life.（指出倡议的目的）
To achieve this goal， we should bear/keep the following rules in mind .Firstly， sticking to the habit of walking to school or taking public transportation is a good choice to reduce the release of carbon dioxide .It’s also important to recycle everything recyclable.Most importantly ， we’d better launch a publicity campaign to raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment.（倡议的具体事项）
Let’s join our hands and take action immediately.Thank you！（表达希望）
The Students’ Union
通知
文脉架构要知晓
通知是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、传达情况或告诉公众某件事情等情况时使用的一种应用文体，通常分为口头通知和书面通知两种。
1.口头通知要注意以下几点：
（1）要有称呼用语。如：在正式场合用的Ladies and gentlemen，对学生用的Boys and girls 等。
（2）要有开头语和结束语。如：
May I have your attention， please？
Attention please， everyone.I have an announcement to make.
That’s all.Thank you very much.
2.书面通知要注意以下特点：
（1）书面通知的正文上面的正中有NOTICE或ANNOUNCEMENT 标志。
（2）在正文最后的右下角要写上发通知的单位或组织者的姓名。
具体写作结构为：
黄金表达要记牢
1.Attention， please.I have something important to tell you.请注意。我有重要的事要告诉你。
2.We regret to inform you that we have to put off the sports meeting to be held this Friday for foreign students.
我们很遗憾地通知你，我们不得不推迟本周五举行的外国学生运动会。
3.To promote cultural exchange between China and other countries， the local TV station will organize a Chinese Character Dictation Competition.
为了促进中国和其他国家的文化交流，当地电视台将举办汉字听写比赛。
4.I’d like to inform you of some details as follows.
我将通知你一些相关细节。
5.Anyone interested in the meeting is welcome to take part in it.
任何对会议感兴趣的人都欢迎参加。
满分范文要背好
A
假定你叫李华，是班上的英语科代表。你班外教Peter请你代他在班上发一个关于课后作业的英语口头通知，内容如下：
1.写一篇关于中国茶文化的短文（essay）；
2.与同桌交换并修改错误；
3.上交作业的时间。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
Boys and girls，
May I have your attention， please？ Our foreign teacher Peter asked me to arrange the writing exercise instead of him today.（点明通知内容）
Here are some details about what we have to do.First of all， the topic for our writing is about Chinese tea culture because we have just learnt the text.Secondly， after we have finished it， we need to exchange it with our partner， and correct each other’s mistakes which are made in the essays.By the way， we are supposed to write the essay of about 100 words.Lastly， the deadline for handing it in is this Friday morning.（通知的具体事项）
That’s all.Thanks for your listening.（结语）
B
你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together， 内容包括：
1.短片内容：学校的发展；
2.放映时间、地点；
3.欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文必背】
NOTICE
An English short film， called Growing Together， will be shown in the school hall at 7：30 p.m.this weekend.Everyone is welcome to watch the film， which tells about the development of our school.（点明通知内容）
The film is believed to be instructive and full of emotion.It tells the story of our school growing up， from small to large， from weak to strong.After the film， each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are expected to make comments and express their views about the film.（通知的具体事项）
We will witness the glory of our school， and we are growing together.（结语）
The Students’ Union