必修二Unit 1 电子课本
Unit 1
黑色粗体为课标词
1. heritage /'herɪtɪdʒ/ n.遗产（指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色）
2. creatively /kri:'eɪtɪvli/ adv.创造性地；有创造力地
3. creative /kri:'eɪtɪv/ adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的
4. temple /'templ/ n.庙；寺
5. relic /'relɪk/ n.遗物；遗迹
6. mount /maʊnt/ n.山峰vt.爬上；骑上vi.爬；登上
7. former /'fɔ:mə(r)/ adj.以前的；（两者中）前者的
8. clue /klu:/ n.线索；提示
9. preserve /prɪ'zɜ:v/ vt.保存；保护；维持n.保护区
10. promote /prə'məʊt/ vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级
11. cypress /'saɪprəs/ n.柏树
12. app /æp/ n.应用程序；应用软件（application的缩略形式）
13. application /ˌæplɪ'keɪʃn/n. 申请（表）；用途；运用；应用（程序）
14. take part in 参与（某事）；参加（某活动）
15. give way to 让步；屈服
16. balance /'bæləns/ n.平衡；均匀vt.使平衡
17. keep balance 保持平衡
18. lead to 导致
19. dam /dæm/ n.水坝；拦河坝
20. proposal/prə'pəʊzl/n.提议；建议
21. make a proposal 提出建议
22. protest /'prəʊtest/ n.抗议／prə'test/ vi.&vt.(公开）反对；抗议
23. likely /'laɪkli/ adj.可能的 adv.可能地
24. turn to 向······求助
25. committee /kə'mɪti/ n.委员会
26. establish /ɪ'stæblɪʃ/ vt.建立；创立
27. limit /'lɪmɪt/ n.限度；限制vt.限制；限定
28. prevent /prɪ'vent/ vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠
29. prevent ... from...阻止；不准
30. loss /lɒs/ n.丧失；损失
31. contribution / ˌkɒntrɪ'bju:ʃn/ n.捐款；贡献；捐赠
32. contribute /kən'trɪbju:t/ vi.& vt.捐献；捐助
33. department/dɪ'pɑ:tmənt/n.部；司；科
34. fund /fʌnd/ n.基金；专款
35. within /wɪ'ðɪn/ prep. & adv. 在（某段时间、距离或范围）之内
36. investigate/ɪn'vestɪgeɪt/ vi. & vt.调查；研究
37. issue /'ɪʃu:; BrE also 'ɪsju:/ n.重要议题；争论的问题vt.宣布；公布
38. conduct /'kɒndʌkt/ n.行为；举止；管理方法／kən'dʌkt/ vt.组织；安排；带领
39. document /'dɒkjumənt/ n.文件；公文；（计算机）文档vt.记录；记载（详情）
40. donate /dəʊ'neɪt/ vt.(尤指向慈善机构）捐赠；赠送；献（血）
41. donate...to... 向······捐赠······
42. disappear /ˌdɪsə'pɪə(r)/ vi.消失；灭绝；消亡
43. attempt /ə'tempt/ n.& vt.企图；试图；尝试
44. make sure 确保；设法保证
45. worthwhile / ˌwɜ:(r)θ'waɪl/ adj.值得做的；值得花时间的
46. download/ˌdaʊn'ləʊd/ vt.下载n.下载；已下载的数据资料
47. republic /rɪ'pʌblʌk/ n.共和国
48. professional /prə'feʃənl/ adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人员；职业选手
49. archaeologist /ˌɑ:ki'ɒlədʒɪst/n.考古学家
50. entrance /'entrəns/ n.入口；进入
51. pyramid /'pɪrəmɪd/ n.(古埃及的）金字塔；棱锥体
52. process /'prəʊses/ n.过程；进程；步骤／prə'ses/ vt.处理；加工
53. overseas /ˌəʊvə(r)'si:z/ adj.海外的adv.在海外
54. exit /'eksɪt/ n.出口；通道vi.& vt.出去；离去
55. sheet /ʃi:t/ n.一张（纸）；床单；被单
56. parade /pə'reɪd/ n.游行；检阅vi.游行庆祝；游行示威
57. mirror /'mɪrə/ n.镜子
58. roof /ru:f/ n.顶部；屋顶
59. chiwen /'tʃəwən/ 鸱吻
60. dragon /'drægən/ n.龙
61. forgive /fə'gɪv/ vt.& vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅；宽恕vt.对不起；请原谅
62. digital /'dɪdʒɪtl/ adj.数码的；数字显示的
63. image /'mɪdʒ/ n.形象；印象
64. cave /keɪv/ n.山洞；洞穴
65. throughout /θru:'aut/ prep.各处；遍及；自始至终
66. quality /'kwɒləti/ n.质量；品质；素质；特征adj.优质的；高质量的
67. all over the world 在世界各地
68. tradition /trə'dɪʃn/ n.传统；传统的信仰或风俗
69. further /'fɜ:ðə(r)/ adv.(far的比较级）更远；进一步
70. historic /hɪ'stɒrɪk/ adj.历史上著名（或重要）的；有史时期的
71. opinion /ə'pɪnjən/ n.意见；想法；看法
72. quote /kwəʊt/ vt.引用
73. paraphrase /'pærəfreɪz/ n.,vi.&vt.(用更容易理解的文字）解释
74. comparison /kəm'pærɪsn/ n.比较；相比
75. contrast /'kɒntrɑ:st/ n.对比；对照／kən'trɑ:st/vt.对比；对照
76. identify /aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/ vt.确认；认出；找到
77. forever /fər'evə(r)/ adv.永远；长久地
78.Aswan/'ɑːs'wɒːn/Dam 阿斯旺大坝
79.the Nile/'naɪl/ 尼罗河
80.Egypt/ˈiːdʒɪpt/埃及（国家名）
81.Egyptian/iˈdʒɪpʃn/ adj, 埃及的
82.UNESCO/juːˈneskəʊ/ abbr United Nations Educational,Scientific and 83.Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织
84.Cairo/ˈkaɪrəʊ/ 开罗（埃及首都）
85.Tanzania/tænzəˈni:ə/ 坦桑尼亚（国家名）
86.the Kremlin/ˈkremlɪn/克里姆林(宫)
87.Moscow/ˈmɒskəʊ/ 莫斯科（俄罗斯首都
88.Saint Basil’s Cathedral/'sənt,bæzlz kəˈθiːdrəl/ 圣瓦希里大教堂
89.the Forbidden/[fəˈbɪdn/City /ðə fəˈbɪdn ˈsɪti/紫禁城
90.Los Angeles /lɔ:s ˈændʒəlz/ 洛杉矶（美国城市）
Reading for Thinking
FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS
从问题重重到迎刃而解
Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.
社会进步需要经济发展。新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。在发展与文化遗址保护之间寻找恰当的平衡点，并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。
Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area. But the proposal led to protests. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.
然而，巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。二十世纪五十年代，埃及政府打算在尼罗河上新建一座大坝，可以防洪、发电并为该地区更多的农民供水。但是，该提议引发了抗议。因为大坝泄流很可能会损坏许多寺庙，摧毁一批文物，而这些文物是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。埃及政府在听取了研究该问题的科学家以及大坝附近居民的意见后，于1959年向联合国求助。
A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised fundswithin the international community. Experts investigated the issue, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960.
委员会成立了，旨在减少对埃及建筑物的破坏，并防止文物的损失。该委员会要求各部门予以支持，并在国际范围内筹集资金。专家们经过调查研究，多次试验，提出一个保住那些建筑的方案。最终，(埃及政府)签署了一份文件，于1960年开始动工。
The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics. Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project.
该项目聚集了来自世界各地的政府机构和环保人士。人们将寺庙和其他文化遗址被逐块拆解，运至一个不受河水侵袭的安全地带，再按原样复原。1961年，德国工程师搬迁了第一座寺庙。在随后的二十年里，数千名工程师和工人拯救了22座寺庙和不计其数的文物。50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8千万美元。
When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
1980年该项目完工时，被视为一个巨大的成功。这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作共创美好未来的可能性。
The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
阿斯旺大坝工程的精神今日尚存。能体现这种精神的最好的例子或许就是联合国教科文组织;该组织有一项计划，旨在防止全球各地世界文化遗产的消失。如果一个问题对某一个国家来说难度太大，那么国际社会有时可为其提供一个解决方案。
Reading for writing
PROMOTING CULTURE THROUGH DIGITAL IMAGES
通过数码影像推广文化
Lanzhou, 9 August 2017. A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China’s ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994.
(2017年8月9日，兰州) 一支由中国及其他国家的研究人员和科学家组成的科研团队，正在通力合作，旨在加强人们对中国古代文化遗产的认识与鉴赏力。团队成员正在记录和收集莫高窟文物的数码图像，莫高窟在中国古代历史上是丝绸之路的一个关键站点。1994年该国际项目启动以来，团队已经制作了近50万张高质量的数码照片。
The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries. Today, the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has even reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people to admire in America.
长期以来，莫高窟一直是多元文化的交汇点，反映着不同国家历史文化。今天，这些洞窟的国际地位可与当年人们在丝绸之路是跋涉的时候相提并论。来自世界各地的游客纷纷造访敦煌、欣赏洞窟；位于洛杉矶的盖蒂博物馆甚至还复制了这些洞窟和壁画照片，供人们在美国欣赏。
By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even wider interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture, and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. As one researcher who is working on the project explains, “Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself. Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding.”
这些科学家和研究者在网络上分享了大量(有关莫高窟的)电子照片，希望在世界范围内促使人们对中国古代历史和文化习俗产生更广泛的兴趣。团队还希望进一步教育大众认识和保护历史文化遗迹以供后代了解和欣赏的重要性。正如一位从事该项目的研究人员所解释的：“欣赏本国文化遗产，有助于了解我们自己。欣赏他国文化遗产，有助于增进国际交流和理解。”
P64
Reading and Writing
NEW DISCOVERIES FROM THE PAST
过去的新发现
Few discoveries are as dramatic as finding the Titanic at the bottom of the Atlantic or Machu Picchu in the mountains of Peru. But that does not mean that studying history and cultural relics is boring or slow. In fact, exciting new discoveries from the past are made every year. Read the news reports below to leam more about a few recent finds.
很少发现能像在大西洋海底发现泰坦尼克号或在秘鲁山区发现马丘比丘那样的引人注目的了。但这并不意味着学习历史和文物就是乏味或迟缓的。事实上，每年都有令人兴奋的新发现。阅读下面的新闻报道来了解一些最近的发现。
Relics from Ancient Greek Ship Rescued
古希腊船只遗址获救
Athens, 8 October 2014. Relics on a Greek ship that sank more than 2,000 years ago have been rescued by an international team of archaeologists and divers. Several artefacts(人工制品), including a large bronze spear, were found. The ship, which rests 55 metres below the surface, was first discovered in 1900 by local divers. Because the water is so deep, it has been very difficult to examine the ship. Earlier this year, scientists were able to use a robot to photograph and make a map of the wreck. The cultural relics which were then rescued by the international team are among the most important to date and will help answer some of the questions about the history of the ship. "A lot of work has to be done at this site to uncover its secrets," said the leader of the team.
2014年10月8日，雅典。一艘沉没了2000多年的希腊船上的文物，被一个由考古学家和潜水员组成的国际团队抢救出来。发现了几件人工制品，包括一个巨大的青铜矛。1900年，当地潜水员首次发现了这艘船，它位于水下55米处。由于水太深，检查船一直很困难。今年早些时候，科学家们已经能够使用一个机器人拍摄并绘制出沉船的地图。随后被国际救援队抢救出来的文物是迄今为止最重要的文物之一，这将有助于解答一些关于该船历史的问题。“为了揭开它的秘密，这个遗址还有很多工作要做。”队长说。
Han Dynasty Treasures to Visit the Capital
汉代珍宝游京城
Beijing, 25 February 2016. Beijing's Capital Museum will host some 400 rare cultural relics from the Han Dynasty that have been found in Jiangxi Province during the last five years. The relics were chosen from more than 20,000 pieces and include objects made of gold and other metals. Visitors will have a chance to see beautiful works of art as well as pottery and horse chariots(双轮敞篷马车). The relics were found in the tomb of Haihunhou, where experts have been digging since 2011. According to one of the experts, the find is very unusual, and special measures will be taken to safeguard the objects: "We will make sure they are not damaged. "The exhibition will open in March and last for three months.
2016年2月25日，北京。北京首都博物馆将展出近五年来在江西省发现的约 400 件汉代珍贵文物。这些文物是从20000多件中挑选出来的，其中包括黄金和其他金属制成的物品。参观者将有机会看到精美的艺术品、陶制马车。这些文物是在海昏侯墓中发现的，专家们从2011年就开始挖掘。据一位专家说，这一发现非常不寻常，将采取特别措施保护这些物品：“我们会确保它们不受损。”展览将于3月开幕，为期3个月。
词义解释
1、dramatic [drəˈmætik]a.戏剧的;戏剧性的;表情丰富的;引人注目的;给人深刻印象的(impressive); 激动人心的(exciting).
e.g. dramatic changes/developments/news激动人心的变化/发展/消息
2、Titanic：
泰坦尼克号(RMS Titanic)，又译作铁达尼号，是英国白星航运公司下辖的一艘奥林匹克级游轮，排水量46000吨，于1909年3月31日在哈兰德与沃尔夫造船厂动工建造，1911年5月31日下水，1912年4月2日完工试航。
泰坦尼克号是当时世界上体积最庞大、内部设施最豪华的客运轮船，有"永不沉没"的美誉 。然而不幸的是，在它的处女航中，泰坦尼克号便遭厄运--它从英国南安普敦出发驶向美国纽约。1912年4月14日23时40分左右，泰坦尼克号与一座冰山相撞，造成右舷船艏至船中部破裂，五间水密舱进水。4月15日凌晨2时20分左右，泰坦尼克船体断裂成两截后沉入大西洋底3700米处。2224名船员及乘客中，1517人丧生，其中仅333具罹难者遗体被寻回。泰坦尼克号沉没事故为和平时期死伤人数最为惨重的一次海难，其残骸直至1985年才被再度发现，目前受到联合国教育、科学及文化组织的保护。
3、Machu Picchu：
马丘比丘(Machu Picchu)被称为印加帝国的"失落之城"，距当时的都城库斯科120公里，坐落在安第斯山脉最难通行的老年峰与青年峰之间陡峭而狭窄的山脊上，海拔2400米。
人们认为马丘比丘是印加统治者帕查库蒂(Pachacuti)于1440年左右建立的，直到1532年西班牙征服秘鲁时都有人居住。1911年，它才被美国历史学家发现，引起世界关注 。
4、archaeologist： [ˌɑːkiˈɔlədʒist] 考古学家
5、artefact：[ˈɑːtifækt]工艺品;艺术品
6. to date 迄今;到目前为止
To date there is no evidence to support this theory.到目前为止，还没有证据支持这种理论。
7. spear： [spiə]n.矛,梭镖;鱼叉;枪;芽,嫩枝;嫩叶;幼苗 vi.(植物)发芽;刺,戳 vt.用枪(矛)刺
[例句] He was pronged with a spear.他被人用矛扎了。
8. wreck：[rek] n.(船只)失事,遇难;失事船;残骸;漂来物 vt.使(船只)遇险;破坏 vi.失事;毁灭;拆除房屋
[例句] He was killed in a car wreck.他在一次车祸中丧生了。
9. works of art艺术品
10. as well as 也；还
11. pottery adn horse chariot 陶制马车
12. Haihunhou：
海昏侯为西汉所封爵位，后世代承袭，共传4代，一直延续到东汉。第一代海昏侯为故昌邑王，即汉废帝刘贺。海昏侯国受封在海昏县境内，侯国遗址在今江西省南昌市新建区北部。
第一代海昏侯刘贺的墓葬在2011年被发现于南昌市新建区，是我国目前发现的面积最大、保存最好、内涵最丰富的汉代侯国聚落遗址。
13. safeguard 保卫(=guard)；保护（=protect)