完形填空解题策略与专练（一）

完形填空解题策略与专练（一）

通常，在完形填空中，考查的都是句子结构紧凑、篇章衔接紧密、上下文意义连贯的语篇。因此，做完形填空时应充分利用好字里行间所透露出来的显性和隐性线索以及逻辑关系进行解题。

完形填空第一大策略：关注显性线索，把握重点语汇

Warming Up 热身训练

A. 按括号内的要求写出正确的单词形式

1. knife (复数)             ________________      2. businesswoman (复数)     ___________________

3. autumn (同义词)         ________________      4. wealth (形容词)          ___________________

5. caution (形容词)         ________________      6. centre (形容词)           ___________________

7. change (形容词)         ________________      8. agriculture (形容词)       ___________________

9. benefit (形容词)         ________________      10. adjust (名词)            ___________________

11. accurate (名词)         ________________      12. connect (名词)           ___________________

13. celebration (动词)       ________________      14. lie (现在分词)           ___________________

15. wake  (过去式) _________(过去分词)________   16. beat    (过去式) ________(过去分词) _________

17. start (同义词)          ________________      18. full (反义词)             __________________

19. clever (近义词) __________(反义词) __________   20. afraid (近义词) _________(反义词)___________

B. 根据所给词语在左边填入范畴词、右边填入属于该范畴的单词

1. ____________: history, Maths, Chinese, English, ____________, ____________, ____________...

2. ____________: Asia, Australia, Antarctica, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________...

3. sense: sight, smell, ____________, ____________ and ____________...

4. renewable energy: wind energy, water energy, ____________ and ____________...

5. sport: gymnastics, baseball, handball, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________...

Exemplifying in Skills 例证与技能

    完形填空的显性线索是指某一个单词的同义、近义、上义、下义、同源的单词、短语或句子在文中反复出现，来强调这个概念。在做完形填空时，要学会识别字里行间的关键字眼及所包含的显性线索。常见的有三种：单词关联、同义或近义关联、上下义关联。

A. 原词关联：有时因为表达的需要， 同一单词及其变形或同源单词或同一概念在上下文中不断出现， 可借助这一信息选择正确答案。

【例1】Today, over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods to the cause… The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer  51   new shoes.

51.   A. donates      B. produces     C. deliver      D. lend

B. 同义或近义关联：在英语中有时为了避免重复，常用意思相同或相近的词或解释性语言来连接上下文。

【例2】At times Ismail would accompany my family as we made a rare shopping trip to town. We would be glad of his  45  .

45. A. arrival          B. choice        C. effort           D. company

C. 上下义关联：上下义是指词的总结和分解关系， 上义词是总称词， 下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如：food是bread, noodle, milk, rice的上义词，反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词。

【例3】He taught her how to rely on her other  40  , specifically her hearing …     

40. A. feeling           B. organs         C. skills             D. senses

Instant Practice 即时训练

根据黑体词提示，完成下列练习，并说出各自所属的显性线索的类别。

【练习1】Stretching as high as he could, but even as his tallest length he was unable to touch it…, stretching his arms to get the apple. Still it remained out of   43  . ( NMET 2011 江苏)

       43. A. hope           B. hand           C. sight            D. reach

【练习2】Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyslists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent   4  . (NMET 2012广东)

       4. A. accidents        B. mistakes         C. falls           D. deaths

【练习3】Normally, Beans sniffs alongside the trail to follow the smell of a deer track or   37   some cause known only to him… The sniffing and exploring was going well for him. (NMET 2010湖南)

       37. A. imagine        B. consider         C. explore        D. present

【练习4】There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere… When people are really   40  , nothing will stop them from falling asleep – no matter where they are. (NMET 2011全国Ⅱ)

       40. A. tired           B. drunk           C. lonely         D. lazy

【练习5】I … dropped all the coins into … “It proved to be a waste of   39  ,” I thought… Now I donate any   45   I have to charity tins and enjoy the feeling of giving. (NEMT 2010陕西)

       39. A. words         B. effort            C. space         D. money

       45. A. work          B. time             C. energy        D. change

【练习6】Three of those rich men and their servants were traveling together on a road when they came to a very   28   village. The first could not stand seeing the poverty… (NMET 2011陕西)

       28. A. faraway       B. poor             C. different       D. ancient

完形填空第一大策略专练：显性线索

一． 请根据所给的解题策略提示，选择最佳选项。

【练习1】（原词关联）Wouldn’t it be great if we didn’t have to remember passwords ever again? … Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses fave recognition technology to log you on to Windows, rather than using a   22  . (NMET 2007广东)

       22. A. fave          B. password          C. software       D. system

【练习2】（近义关联）No more   24  , confusing passwords to remember or change every few months.  (NMET 2007广东)

       24. A. simple        B. complicated        C. special        D. useful

【练习3】（原词关联）She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly… Her   54   in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined … (NMET 2010北京)

       54. A. trust         B. patience           C. curiosity        D. interest

【练习4】（上下义关联）When these children become adults, they might be placed in a disadvantaged position in schools, in the job market or in their marriage issue. Sometimes they might feel discriminated against in   10  .

       10. A. workplace    B. society            C. family          D. committee

【练习5】（近义关联，原词关联）I began to take   45  . I had been so afraid of failing … She taught me to take chances and not be   53  . (NMET 2010北京)

       45. A. steps        B. control            C. charge          D. risks

       53. A. bored        B. lazy              C. sad             D. afraid

【练习6】（原词关联）I wasn’t   26  . Somebody had thought enough of me to bring me a gift … I wasn’t forgotten. Somebody thought of me. I matter. (NMET2010浙江)

       26. A. blamed      B. loved             C. forgotten        D. affected

【练习7】（近义关联）When you revise, you change aspects of your work in addition to your evolving purpose, or to include   55   ideas or newly discovered information. （NMET 2010 上海）

       55. A. fixed        B. ambitious         C. familiar          D. fresh

【练习8】（近义关联）Beans is a white dog, quite handsome and very   38  . He not only understands what we tell him, but also often makes sounds as if he were trying to … (NMEt 2010 湖南)

        38. A. smart         B. sweet            C. slow            D. shy

【练习9】（原词关联）… a Busker（街头艺人）, with a hat in front of him. I had some   28   in my pocket … and dropped all the coins into his   35   … (NMET2010 陕西)

        28. A. chocolates     B. coins             C. tins             D. drugs

        35. A. rag           B. hat               C. pocket          D. Counter

【练习10】（近义关联）When I began planning to move to Auckland to study, my mother was worried about a lack of jobs and cultural differences. Ignoring these   36  , I got there in July 2010. (NMET 2011 安徽)

        36. A. doubts        B. concerns           C. instructions      D. reasons

二． 完成下列练习，并说出各自所属的显性线索类别。

【练习1】.. that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away … However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been   28  . (NMET 2008 广东)

        28. A. missed        B. stolen             C. found           D. lost

【练习2】Another person’s enthusiasm was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved … What power   53   has! When that power is released to support the certainty of one’s purpose … This is probably the greatest work you can do with your enthusiasm. (NMET 2008 江苏)

        53. A. enthusiasm     B. sympathy          C. fortune          D. confidence

【练习3】If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals（彩排）, or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing   50   … Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process… it is a major satage of the writing process …(NMET 2010 上海)

        50. A. technique      B. style              C. process          D. career

【练习4】There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the baby’s head while he slept or covering him with some of his father’s clothes were just two of the recommended   27  . (NMET 2008 广东)

        27. A. cases          B. tools              C. steps           D. methods

【练习5】It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of   32  … She was so lucky for he had given her a gift more powerful than sight. That is the gift of love that can bring light where there is darkness. (NMET 2010 湖北)

       32. A. weakness        B. sickness           C. darkness        D. sadness

【练习6】Although I love my life, it hasn’t been a lot of fun as I’ve been ill for 28 years. Music has always been a great love of mine and, in my 20s, when my   21   was more manageable …(NMET 2011 浙江)

       21. A. loneliness        B. sadness            C. tiredness       D. sickness

【练习7】 I had been sitting in a wheelchair for 20 years before then, and I have been seriously ill many times. So I wondered if I would have the   38   to tell Sam …(NMET 2010 重庆)

       38. A. ability           B. time              C. courage         D. responsibility

【练习8】Little did I know you were saving every penny you earned to go to   18   school … I wandered into the dinning room where you were buried under piles of law books. …(NMET 2011 天津)

       18. A. business         B. fashion            C. law             D. medical

【练习9】When arriving in Canada in 2008, she had one goal: to have what she had back home in Colombia. “I didn’t want to   38   what I do, like so many who come to a new country.” She said. (NMET 2011 福建)

       38. A. continue         B. choose            C. change           D. lose

【练习10】As young as I was, that statement kept ringing in my ears … Encouraged by your   33  , I have forged ahead（毅然前行）with my life’s journey …(NMET 2011 天津)

       33. A. description       B. statement           C. praise           D. introduction

Practical Training专题训练 (NMET 2005 江苏)

On May 27, 1995, our life was suddenly changed. It happened a few minutes past three,   1   my husband, Chris, fell from his horse as it   2   over a fence. Chris was paralyzed(瘫痪) from the chest down,   3   to breathe normally. As he was thrown from his horse, we entered into a life of  4  with lots of unexpected challenges. We went from the “haves” to the “have-nots”. Or so we thought.

5  what we discovered later were all the gifts that came out of   6   difficulties. We came to learn that something   7   could happen in a disaster. All over the world people   8   Chris so much that letters and postcards poured in every day. By the end of the third week in a   9   center in Virginia, about 35,000 pieces of  10    had been received and sorted.

As   11   , we opened letter after letter. They gave us   12   and became a source of strength for us. We used them to   13   ourselves. I would go to the pile of letters marked with “Funny” if we needed a   14   , or to the “Disabled” box to find advice from people in wheelchairs or   15   in bed living happily and   16   .

These letters, we realized, had to be shared. And so   17   we offer one of them to you.

Dear Chris,

My husband and I were so sorry to hear of your   18   accident last week. No doubt your family and your friends are giving you the strength to face this   19   challenge. People everywhere are also giving you best wishes every day and we are among those who are keeping you   20   .

Yours Sincerely,

Nancy Reagan

1. A. since             B. before              C. when            D. while

2. A. walked           B. climbed             C. pulled           D. jumped

3. A. able             B. unable               C. suitable          D. unsuitable

4. A. disability         B. possession            C. convenience      D. experience

5. A. So              B. For                  C. Or              D. Yet

6. A. sharing          B. separating             C. fearing          D. exploiting

7. A. terrible          B. similar                C. wonderful        D. practical

8. A. wrote for        B. cared for              C. hoped for         D. sent for

9. A. medical         B. postal                 C. experimental      D. mental

10 A. news           B. paper                 C. equipment        D. mail

11. A. patients        B. a family               C. nurses           D. a group

12. A. effect          B. effort                C. comfort           D. explanation

13. A. encourage      B. express               C. control            D. treat

14. A. cry            B. laugh                C. chat              D. sigh

15. A. much          B. never                C. even             D. seldom

16. A. bitterly         B. fairly                C. weakly            D. successfully

17. A. here           B. there                 C. therefore          D. forward

18. A. driving         B. flying                C. running           D. riding

19. A. technical        B. different             C. difficult           D. valuable

20. A. nearby          B. close                C. busy             D. alive