必修一Unit 2 Words and expressions
Unit 2 Words and expressions
I Word formation
1. apply (v. 申请，请求;使用;应用;涂;敷)—application (n. 应用(程序);申请;申请书;申请表)—applicant (n. 申请人)
2. amaze(v. 令人惊奇;使惊奇;使惊愕;使惊诧)—amazement (n. 惊奇;惊愕;惊诧)—amazed (adj. 吃惊的;大为惊奇 )
--amazing (adj. 令人大为惊奇的;(尤指)令人惊喜(或惊羡、惊叹)的)
3. extreme(adj. 极端的;极度的;严重的;严厉的)—extremely (adv. 极其;极端;非常)
4. arrange(v. 安排;筹备;整理;排列)—arrangement (n. 安排;筹备)
5. power(n. 权力;能力；有影响力的大国 v.驱动，推动(机器或车辆))—powerful (adj. 强大的;强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的)
6. official (adj. 公务的;正式的;官方的; n. 要员;官员;高级职员)—officially (adv. 正式地;官方地;公开地)
7. recognize / recognise(v. 认出;认识;承认;意识到;辨别出;(正式)认可，接受，赞成;赞赏;正式向…致谢)—recognition (n. 认出;认识;识别;承认;认可)
8. admire (v. 钦佩;欣赏;赞赏;仰慕 )—admiration (n. 钦佩;赞赏;羡慕 )
9. civilize(v. 教化;开化;使文明;使有教养)—civilization (n. 文明;文明世界) —civilized (adj. 文明的;开化的;有教养的;举止得体的 )
10. economic (adj. 经济的;经济上的;经济学的)—economy (n. 经济 ) 11. detail (n. 细节;细微之处;详情)--detailed (adj.详细的)
II Phrases
1. a pack of cigarettes 一包烟 be packed with 充满 pack up 打包，收拾行李
2. have a narrow escape死里逃生 a narrow victory 险胜 narrow the generation gap 缩小代沟
3. take control of… 控制 lose control of 失去对…的控制
under control 处于控制之下，情况正常
4. book/catch/miss a flight 预定/赶上/错过航班
5. be unique to… 是…特有的
6. admire sb. for sth. 因…羡慕某人
7. in contact with 与...接触 keep in contact/touch with 与...保持联系
8. by credit card 用信用卡 in cash 用现金 on credit 贷款
9. in detail 详细地
10. have a good/poor sight 视力好/差
out of sight 在视野之外，看不见 in sight 在视野之内
at first sight 第一眼，乍看之下 at the sight of 一看见....
come into sight/view 进入视野 go sightseeing 去观光
11. in one’s view/from one’s point of view /as far as one is concerned在某人看来 in view of 鉴于，考虑到 view sb./sth. as… 把…看作…
12. comment on…/make comments on 对...做出评价
no comment 无可奉告
III. Important words and phrases
1. apply vt.1）apply…to… 涂，敷; 运用，使用 apply the theory to practice把理论应用于实践
You had better apply the cream evenly(adv.均匀地) to your face and neck.
We should apply what we learn in class to our daily life.
The new technology was applied to farming.
2) apply oneself to…专注于 Since I enter the senior high school, I have applied myself to study.
vi. 1) 对...适用 The law applies to all the people in China.
2) 申请 apply (to sb.) for sth.向某人申请… apply to do sth. 申请做…
I am writing to apply for a position as a secretary in your company.
2. amaze in amazement 惊讶地 be amazed at/by… 对…感到惊讶
1) It was amazing that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school.
2) Mr. Grant was amazed to find 46 gold coins inside the pot.
3) He stood there in amazement.
4) I was amazed at /by the progress he has made.
3. arrangement (n.)
make arrangements for… 筹备，为…做准备
come to an arrangement 达成共识
Our university will make arrangements for the meeting.
We have come to an arrangement—she gives me a ride to school and I help her with her English.
arrange (v.) : arrange for sb./sth. to do 安排某人做某事
He arranged for a car to pick us up.
4. recognize 1)辨认出
The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized.
2)意识到
He recognized that if he studied hard he could make progress.
3)公认，认可
recognize…as… 承认…为…；
be recognized as… 被公认为是…
The British recognized America as an independent state.
Arthur Miller is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.
2) 表扬，表彰
The Chinese government recognized Zhong Nanshan for his contributions in the fight against covid-19.
recognition (n.) beyond recognition 认不出
5. make up
1) 组成
25 girls and 25 boy make up our class.
→ Our class is made up of 25 girls and 25 boys.
2) 化妆
They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play.
3) 编写, 编造
make up a story 编造故事
make up some excuses 编造借口
4) 和解 They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.
make up for… 弥补
Nothing can make up for what they have suffered.
6. request
1) n. The pianist listened to our request that he (should) play in public again.
2) vt. You can request a free ticket for the show at the reception desk.
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
We request that the sports meet (should) be put off.
必修一Language study
Part I Important phrases
1. have the chance to do sth 有机会做sth
2. arrive at/ reach one’s destination 到达某人的目的地
3. sources of information 信息来源
4. look through 快速查看，浏览
5. on the coast of ... 在..海岸
6. official language 官方语言
7. spend some time (in) doing sth 花费时间做某事
8. be unique to... 是...特有的
9. a unique way 一个独特的方法
10.a unique adventure 一次独特的冒险
11. cut sth to.. 把某物切割成...
12.to be exact= exact speaking 确切地说
13. package tour 包价旅游
14. go hiking 去远足
15. make use of 利用
16. make it 获得成功
17. make sense 有意义，讲得通
Part II Important sentence structure
全部倒装
1. (教材P26)(1)Below are two texts about Peru. Look through them quickly.
(2)Especially amazing is the Incas' dry stone method of building.
特别令人惊奇的是印加人的干石建筑法。
【句式分析】
为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可把介词短语、形容词或分词提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语全部倒装（谓语动词放到主语前）
On her left sat her husband.她左边坐着她的丈夫。
2. It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. (P26)
【句式分析】
强调句型结构“It is / was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”用来强调__for this reason_。如果被强调部分指人，可用who代替that。
强调句型可以用来强调_主语_、宾语、状语_ 等，但不能强调谓语__。
【即学即练】 用强调句型改写句子/单句语法填空
My grandpa walked the dog in the street yesterday.
①_It is/was my grandpa who/that_ walked the dog in the street yesterday. (强调主语)
②_ It is/was yesterday that _ my grandpa walked the dog in the street. (强调时间状语)
③_ It is/was in the park that _my grandpa walked the dog yesterday. (强调地点状语)
It is/was the dog that _my grandpa walked in the park yesterday. (强调宾语) 如何判断强调句型？把句型it is/was…who/that…去掉之后，句子依然完整，一般是强调句型(有时则需调整语序，如强调宾语时)。
3. .....narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon
rainforest. （p26）
狭长、干燥、平坦的沿海地区，安第斯山脉以及亚马孙热带雨林。现在分词作后置定语，run 在此处意为“延
伸”，与land为逻辑上的主谓关系。
Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca.(p27)
现在分词作定语：现在分词与它所修饰的词之间为主动关系.
过去分词作定语：过去分词与它所修饰的词之间为被动关系.
English is a language spoken_(speak) all around the world.
5.Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that noting was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合，即可稳固墙体。
so that 引导结果状语从句,译为：目的是；结果是
I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. (p14)
so that连词，“目的是,为了，以便”， 引导目的状语从句。
回忆Welcome Unit 句子
I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.
6. Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century.(p27)
the capital of the Inca Empire 作Cusco__同位语_
7.One of the interesting questions of history is how the Incas lived without shopping.（p27）
“one of +可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。how 引导_表语_从句
One of my favorite courses is English/Math/Chinese.
8. These Inca roads were made up of two highways and many small roads crossing the mountains east to west.(p27)
现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰small roads, 相当于定语从句which/that crossed..west.
补充完整：
…small roads that/which crossed the mountains east to west.
The first is the roads and paths they built to connect their important cities.
定语从句，修饰先行词“roads and paths”,关系词that、which 因在从句中作built宾语已省略。
P29—P31
P30
1. (Para. 1) It’s amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s. 分析句子，that引导什么从句？It为形式主语， that 引导真正的主语从句
那里有8000多座俑像，直到20世纪70年代才为人所知，这真是非常神奇。
2. (Para. 3) We’re taking the train, leaving the day before the October holiday begins.
现在分词结构作_伴随状语.
Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.
现在分词结构作__结果状语.
Exercises (1) A terrible flood hit the area, __leaving_(leave) thousands of people homeless.( 结果状语)
(2) An ancient temple (dating back to the Northern Qi Dynasty后置定语) was destroyed in fire, _causing_(cause) concerns about the effective protection of cultural remains(文化遗迹). ( 结果状语)
3.(P 30) The statues fill only one part of the emperor’s huge tomb, which still has not been completely unearthed.
which引导_非限制性定语从句(which指代the emperor’s huge tomb, which在从句中作主语)_.
(P 30) However, no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a well.
when引导_非限制性定语从句(when指代1974(时间), when在从句中作状语)_; while引导_时间状从_.
Exercises (1) The sun, _which_ has been hidden all day, now comes out.
which指代the sun, which在从句中作主语。
(2) I decided to pay a visit to the Summer Palace, __which my friend recommended to me. which指代the Summer Palace, which在从句中作宾语。recommend sth to sb. 向某人推荐/介绍某物
4. request n. v.
at one’s request=at the request of sb. 应某人的要求
make a request/requests for…要求/请求…
request sb. (not) to do sth 要求/请求某人(不)做某事
request + that…
It is requested that… 要求…(虚拟语气)，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略)
回顾Unit 1哪个词的用法也是这样呢？
recommend sb. to do sth
recommend后接宾从时，从句必须使用虚拟语气，谓动(should) + 动原
(1) _At the request of__ the audience, the show has been extended for another six weeks.演出又延长了六周。
(2) My parents requested me _to learn_(learn) English well.= My parents requested that I (should) learn English well.
(3) It _is requested_(request) that all students should make a plan for the next term.
5. view n._视野；景色；看法_ v.__ 看;把…视为_ 固定搭配参照词汇讲解部分
(1) In my view, travelling will make you more independent and confident(主谓宾宾补).
(2) The Great Wall is viewed as one of the must-see places of interest in the world.
6. sight n._ 景色；视力;视野;视力范围;看见（或看得见）的事物;名胜__ 固定搭配参照词汇讲解部分
(1) John was wandering in the street when he suddenly caught sight of an old friend. (be doing… when…) 约翰在街上闲逛时，突然看见一位老朋友。
(2) Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。
(3) The street was so quiet, with no one in sight. 街上很安静，看不见任何人。
7. credit n._ 信用;学分;贷款; ;赞扬__ v. 认为是…的功劳;把…归于;认为…有
(1) give sb. credit for… 为…而称赞某人；相信某人有(某种优点)
(2) to sb’s credit 使某人值得赞扬 (3) gain/lose credit 取得/失去信用
(4) Give credit where credit is due. [谚语]该赞扬就赞扬。
8. detail n. 细节;细微之处;详情 detailed adj.详细的
(1) a detailed description/study 详细的描述/研究
(2) give a detailed account of… 详细地叙述…
9. admire (1) vt 欣赏 admire the scenery/ the moon
During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚在一起吃饭，赏月和吃月饼。
(2) admire sb for (doing）sth 因某事而钦佩羡慕某人
10. unique adj. 唯一的; 独特的；特有的 uniquely_独特地;唯一地
Tom was a uniquely gifted football player.
This interesting and charming creature is unique to China. 这种有趣而迷人的生物是中国独有的。