2016届语法填空专题复习

发表时间:2016/04/24 00:00:00  浏览次数:814  
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语法填空专题

本专题共分为三个部分:词类复习、词法复习和句法复习

优等生百日冲刺系列语法填空专题(教师版)

一、词类复习

方法与知识

优等生基本没有知识的问题,所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于:1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧;2.精选难度适中的训练题

名词

命题规律

    名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。名词的考查强调语言的情景化,重点考查在特定语境、真实语境中的准确辨析、选择和运用名词的能力。名词短语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。

    另外,在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时,要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。

名词的考点归纳:

(1)抽象名词具体化:beauty美、美丽(不可数名词) a beauty美人、美丽的东西(可数名词);experience经验(不可数名词)an experience一次经历(可数名词);surprise吃惊、惊奇(不可数名词) a surprise令人吃惊的人或事(可数名词);honor荣誉、信誉(不可数名词) an honor一种光荣的人或事(可数名词);failure失败(不可数名词) a failure/failures失败的人或事(可数名词)等等。

(2)名词短语的固定的搭配:have/gain access to接近,到达;take … into consideration考虑;take advantage of利用;in consequence of 由于 …… 的缘故 ;put into effect 实行,生效 等等。

【考例分析】

1.“Learn through use” is a good piece of   ________ (advise) for those  who  are studying a new language.

【答案与解析】advice 一条建议,此处应用名词形式。

2.I'll stop and take a deep ____.

【答案与解析】考查名词。take a deep breath深呼吸,喘口气。

3.We don’t have to take great pains to control waste, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water ______ (short);

【答案与解析】shortage考查名词。根据句意:为贫穷的因水资源短缺而争斗的阿拉伯国家或非洲国家节约水,此处应填写short的名词形式,故正确词语是shortage。

4.With the ____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.

【答案与解析】随着工业的发展,空气污染变得越来越严重。考查名词:发展:development

5.Air pollution is caused by the following 3_________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.

【答案与解析】空气污染是由下面的原因造成的。考查名词“原因”reasons

6. If everybody realizes the ___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved.

【答案与解析】如果每个人都注意到环境的重要性。考查名词“重要性”:importance

【方法总结】1.介词和动词后面可能缺宾语,这时填名词;2.考查含有名词的固定短语;3.句子缺主语时也可能填名词作主语;4.冠词后面可能填名词;5一定要注意名词的单复数形式。

代词

命题规律

一、代词是每年必考,贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识。考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下,强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词。

二、不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而,在复习中要注意总结、归纳,特别应熟记一批有特点的例句,以加深印象,更加准确地把握其用法。

 三、平时要多做练习,能够提高熟悉语境的能力,很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的,这方面一定要重视。

代词高考常考点

1)人称代词:人称代词作主语一般用主格形式,做宾语用宾格形式,作表语用主格形式,做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语,作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。特别注意:①人称代词用作表语时,如说明主语,一般要用主格,如说明宾语则要用宾格。②在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。

2)反身代词:反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语,还可以作主语或宾语的同位语,可译作“亲自,本人”,但不能作主语。

3) 指示代词:指示词有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4点:①this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”,可与here连用;that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”,可与there连用。②指上文提到的事一般用that,有时也用this,指下文的事只能用this③打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来问对方,不用Iyou④ thisthat还可表示程度,意为“如此,那么”,相当于so,作状语。

4)不定代词:①表示两者“都”用both,表示两者“都不”用neither/nor,表示两者中的“任一”用either②表示多者“都”用all,表示多者“都不”用noneno one, neither, nobody, nothing表示多者中的“任一”用any③all单独使用,或者后接一个定语从句,或者前面有物主代词时,意为everythingthe only thing(s)④another或“another+单数可数名词”泛指“另一个,有一个,再一个”,其复数形式是others或“other+复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”,有someothers(一些…另一些…)之搭配。the other(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个,常有onethe other(一个…另一个…)的搭配;其复数形式the others或“the other +复数名词”特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。another还可用于“another+基数词或few+复数名词”中,与“数词或somemore/other +复数名词”相当。⑤everything(一切事,最重要的事), everyone =everybody (每个人,所有人); something(某事,重要的人或事物), someone =somebody(/有人,重要的人); anything(什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人,无论谁,重要的人); nothing(没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事), no one=nobody(没有人,不重要的人)等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语,如for nothing(徒劳,免费)nothing but(仅仅,只不过),等等。

5代词 it(they),one(ones)that(those)的用法:①代词oneit都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词,但one指代的是与上文中提到的同类物(复数用ones,主格和宾格相同);而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品(复数用they(主格)和them(宾格)。②one(ones)that(those)这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名词,但使用时应注意:替代不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词,或者重复那个名词,但不可用one来代替。替代单数可数名词时用onethat均可,但泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词);特指时用that(相当于the+名词)。 one(ones)可以有形容词等前置修饰语,也可以有后置修饰语(of短语除外);而that(those)不能有前置修饰语,它(们)的修饰语只能后置。后跟of短语时,一般只能用that(those)

【考例分析】

【例1】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

【解析】it  作宾语从句主语,替代动词不定式短语to choose……

【例2】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ______.

【解析】him   please him (使他高兴),填代词;根据句意,此处指代her father

【例3】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”

【解析】it   指前面提到的(the water)”

【方法总结】句子缺主语或宾语,空格后没有提示词,填词多为代词。

形容词和副词

命题规律

形容词与副词主要考查以下几个方面:考查形容词作状语;考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较;考查一些习语搭配;与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别;多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。

另外,在熟练掌握形容词与副词的基本意义和用法的同时,要特别留意一些形容词与副词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。

形容词与副词基本用法:

1形容词和副词的辨析

形容词和副词的辨析主要分为两类:一类是给出语境,让学生填出符合这种语境的形容词或副词;另一类是形容词或副词的词形变化。近三年常考的有:

形容词:appropriate;conscious;generous;reasonable;confident;creative;grateful ;important;spare;public;convenient;apparent;unchallenged;vital;available;specific;similar;available;affordable;acceptable;valuable

副词:①hopefully;curiously;occasionally;gradually ②thus;besides;rather;otherwise ③competitively;recently;reasonably ④besides;however;therefore;instead ⑤besides;otherwise;however;altogether ⑥especially;equally;naturally;normally ⑦nevertheless;besides;otherwise;therefore ⑧especially;regularly;particularly;approximately

2)形容词和副词比较等级

 比较等级的常见句型:①两者比较,用“比较级 + than”表示。②表示“两者之间较……的那个”用“the+比较级+n.+ of the two +n.”。③表示“越……,就越……”用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。④as+原级adj./adv.+as ...表示“和……一样”。⑤not as/so+原级adj./adv.+as ...表示“不如……”

比较等级前常用的修饰语:a little, a bit, slightly,much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。

否定词+比较级=最高级:“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义。

【考例分析】

【例1The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).”

【解析】sweeter 句意是什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。

【例2】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.

【解析】later  指那天晚些时候。

【例3】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.

【解析】harder  句中a little修饰比较级harder,表示更难一点作宾补。

方法总结】当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,很可能填比较级和最高级。

介词及介词短语

命题规律

一、对介词句法功能的考查:介词构成的短语,可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等;介词有时在句子中活用为副词,充当状语。

二、对常用介词的辨析:介词用法多且复杂,相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示,介词更着重与动词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查,所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词;同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别整理。

 三、对介词短语搭配的考查:介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用,形成固定搭配,表示各种不同的意思,只要记住这些固定搭配,准确把握词组的语义。

介词与介词短语高考常考点:

1常见介词的活用

bywithagainstoveroninatbesidesfor等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词,应重点掌握:①over可表位置,意为……上方,越过;遮住,盖住,也可表时间,意为……期间,(多年)以来等,它还有……(问题)上,对(某事)”等引申意义。②by的主要意思有……旁,靠近;乘(车、船等);不迟于;到……为止;被,由;根据,按照(关系);通过……方式等,还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有:by and by不久,迟早;by and large大体上;by oneself单独;by the way顺便说说;by far……得多,最……    by chance碰巧;by accident偶然地;by means of借助;by no means绝不,一点也不;by mistake错误地。③with可以用来表示带有,拥有;随着;就……来说;用,以;和,与;对于,关于等意思。with还可用来表示原因。④beyond表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于;(位置)……那边,超出……之外;(范围)超过,为……所不及,超出……的范围等意思。

2)介词短语的主要类型

高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用:①介词+名词on the contrary相反;in turn依次;in one’s opinion根据某人的看法;in detail详细地out of reach够不着beyond description难以描述地;out of question不成问题;out of the question不可能。②动词+介词remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事;rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的……result from……引起;call at访问(某地)。③形容词+介词be curious about……好奇;be proud of……而自豪;be popular with受到……的欢迎be absorbed in全神贯注于;be enthusiastic about热衷于。④介词短语:apart from……之外;in addition to……之外()because of因为;instead of代替;in fear of……提心吊胆;for fear of以免;in case of防备;thanks to由于;in the middle of……中间;according to根据;in front of……前面;in return for作为对……的回报;in charge of负责;as a result of作为……的结果;in exchange for……交换等

【考例分析】

【例1When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the trouble.

【解析】for  reward sb. for sth. 表示……而酬谢/报答某人

【例2】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day.

【解析】after/from A.用介词after表示……之后B. be tired from doing sth.因做某事而累

【例3】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having supper.

【解析】at at table表示在进餐,是习惯搭配。方法总结】“……+限定词)+名词“……+代词/doing/从句在句中不做主语或宾语时,通常填介词。

体验高考

[2015·全国卷Ⅰ] 

Yangshuo, China

It was raining lightly when I 61.________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 62.________I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with  63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese  65.________(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.

Yangshuo 67.________(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68.________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到阳朔游玩的经历和感受。

61arrived   考查动词的时态。天亮之前到了阳朔,当时天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。

62before/earlier   考查副词的用法。几个小时前,在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago

63its   考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前,在香港的家里,呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词,故用its

64that/which  考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句,先行词为Li River,在从句中作主语。

65paintings 考查名词的复数形式。漓江被画在如此多的中国绘画中。painting为可数名词,注意用复数形式。

66by   乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。

67is   考查动词的正确形式。此句缺少谓语动词,根据句意和后句的时态,可知此处用一般现在时。阳朔真的很漂亮。

68conducted  考查过去分词作定语。这里表示一家网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语表示被动关系。

69regularly   考查副词的用法。该旅游公司定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。这里用副词修饰动词。

70living   考查现在分词作定语。这里指住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语表示主动关系。

[2015·全国卷Ⅱ] 

The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61.________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62.________  most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.________(able) to “air condition” a house without 64.________(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65.________(slow) during cool nightsthus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66.________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 67.________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle  68.________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69.________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70.________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

[解析]

61. built build与前面的the adobe dwellings构成动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。

62. the 空格后面的most是形容词最高级,故前面使用the

63. ability 结合空格前面的形容词性物主代词their可知,后面要用able的名词形式。

64. using 结合空格前面的介词without,后面应该使用v.­ing的形式。

65. slowly 根据空格前面的give out that heat和后面的during cool nights可知,这里使用副词修饰动词短语give out

66. to cool 结合空格前面的cold enough可知后面使用不定式形式,构成“beadj. enough to do sth”的句型。

67. at 此处是一个固定词组。at the same time与此同时。

68. goes 此处指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去。The cycle的谓语动词用单数,且为一般现在时。

69. natural 结合空格后面的architects可知此处要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词,因此填natural

70. how 根据空格后面的thick是一个形容词,因此填how,引导宾语从句,作figured out 的宾语。

模拟新题精选

1.【2016届河北省保定市高三期末调研】

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

   Polar bears live in such environment that is too cold for most animals. For much of the year, they live and hunt on the  1 (freeze) Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared them for the cold conditions but nothing has prepared them for the danger  2  threatens(威胁) their only home.

  The polar bears’ world is melting. Polar bears  3  (suffer) in a warmer world are in danger. Studies show that the polar ice  4  (reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978.At present , about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their   5 (survive). “The sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk  6  ,” says Andrew Derocher, who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without  7  , they can’t exist.”

   Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a  8  (warm) world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time to hunt.  9  (normal), they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight and the extra fat is used later,  10  the bears are not actively hunting. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance.

【答案】

【小题1frozen

【小题2that/which

【小题3suffering

【小题4has reduced

【小题5survival

【小题6on

【小题7it

【小题8warmer

【小题9Normally

【小题10when

【解析】

试题分析:通过本文考查学生的词性在语境中的正确运用能力。包括动词的时态,非谓语动词,副词,代词,连词等。

【小题1frozen  考查形容词。这里用形容词修饰名词, frozen 冰冻的。

【小题2that/which  考查定语从句关系词。这里the danger是先行词,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that/which。

【小题3suffering  考查非谓语动词。suffering in a warmer world是非谓语动词短语做后置定语修饰Polar bears,Polar bears是suffer的逻辑主语,所以用动词的-ing形式suffering。

【小题4has reduced 考查谓语动词的时态。since 1978提示是现在完成时,the polar ice相当于it和reduce自己是主谓关系,所以是has reduced。

【小题5survival 考查名词。用名词作介词宾语for their,所以用名词形式survival。

【小题6on  考查介词。the platform 和不及物动词walk之间加on才能构成介词和宾语的关系。

【小题7it  考查代词。itthe polar ice,意思是:没有极地冰,北极熊就不能存在。

【小题8warmer 考查形容词比较级。极地冰由于变暖而融化,冷了在结冰,但是比较暖和的世界里,这样的循环就会加速。

【小题9Normally考查副词。这里用副词修饰全句,句意:正常情况下,他们在春天有3个月,变胖增加脂肪以备后用。

【小题10when  考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意:脂肪在北极熊不能积极主动去打猎的时候用。

考点:语法填空。

2.【广东省惠州市2016届高三上学期第三次调研】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Chinese government has decided to end its one-child per family policy and let families have two children. A statement gives the reasons for the change, ___1___ (say) it is meant to balance population development, stop a declining birth rate and strengthen the country’s work force.

China ___2___ (carry)out the one-child policy in 1980. But the government permitted a small number of ___3___ (couple) to have two children. For example, some rural families were given approval to have two children if the first-born was a girl. In 2013, the government permitted other families to have two if one parent was ___4___ only child.

A teacher and population expert, Jiang Quanbao, explains how Chinese families will react ___5___ the policy. “Many young people in the cities are ___6___ (probable) not interested in having a second child,” he says. “People in rural villages may be ___7 __ (much) interested, but some of them are already allowed to have two children.”

At the end of 2014, China had a population of 1.37 billion people, a total of 800 million of ___8___ are employed. But that job market population is expected ___9___(drop) by 2050. With the two-child policy, the labor ___10___ (short) will be relieved, starting in 20 years.

【答案】

【小题1】saying

【小题2】carried

【小题3】couples

【小题4】an

【小题5】to

【小题6】probably

【小题7】more  

【小题8】whom

【小题9】to drop

【小题10】shortage

【解析】

试题分析:通过本文考查学生正确运用英语语法的能力。包括动词的时态,非谓语动词,副词,代词连词,冠词等。

【小题1】saying  考查非谓语动词。用动词的-ing形式做状语。

【小题2】carried  考查谓语动词的过去式。句中的in 1980说明本句是一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式carried。

【小题3】couples  考查名词的复数。a small number of 后面用复数名词couples。

【小题4an   考查冠词。句意:如果父母一方是独生子女的话,就可以要2 个孩子。only是元音开头,所以用an表示一个。

【小题5to  考查固定搭配。react to 反应。

【小题6probably  考查副词。副词修饰动词are

【小题7more  考查比较级。句意:农村人更感兴趣,但是他们一些人已经被允许要2个孩子了。

【小题8whom  考查关系词。用whom代指1.37 billion人,在从句中做介词宾语。

【小题9to drop  考查固定搭配。is expected to do 有望做到。

【小题10】shortage  考查名词。这里用名词作主语。

]考点:语法填空。

3.【四川省资阳市2016届高三上学期第二次诊断】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

One sentence from the news in Washington has remained in my mind since a trip last summer: “When you see people run against the crowd escaping   1   the danger, they are  2   (probable) firefighters, police or journalists.”

I think this is most true for the firefighters. Whenever and wherever   3   (disaster) happen — 9/11 Attacks in New York 14 years ago or the explosion in Tianjin on Wednesday night — it is always the firefighters   4   take the lead to run to the very center, saving lives by   5   (risk) their own. I cried today near the explosion site, not because of the smoke from the ongoing fire   6   because of a short message a firefighter sent to a trusted friend that went viral online. It reads, “If I cannot make it, my father is   7   (you) father; and please remember    8    (sweep) my mother’s tomb.” I was thrilled later to learn that he did make it.

“Everyone knows it’s     9    (danger) to be a firefighter. But he has always liked it and has done it for 12 years,” his father said. “He survived this time, but no one knows what  10   (happen) next time.”

【答案】

【小题1from

【小题2probably

【小题3disasters

【小题4that / who

【小题5risking

【小题6but

【小题7your

【小题8to sweep

【小题9dangerous

【小题10will happen

【解析】

试题分析:通过本文考查了学生对一些英语语法的理解和应用。如固定搭配,形容词、副词的区别,名词的用法等。

【小题1from   考查固定搭配。escape from 逃离…。

【小题2probably  考查副词 。这里是副词修饰动词are,而不是名词。

【小题3disasters  考查名词。 文章举了两个例子:911事件和天津爆炸案,所以用复数disasters。

【小题4that / who   考查定语从句的关系词。64   take the lead to run to the very center是定语从句修饰名词the firefighters,that/ who是关系代词,代人在从句中做主语。故填that / who。

【小题5risking  考查动名词。介词by后面用动词的-ing形式risking。

【小题6but   考查连词。 not…but 不是……而是……。故填but。

【小题7your  考查代词。如果我回不来,我的父亲就是你的父亲。故填your

【小题8to sweep考查动词不定式。句意:记得去给我妈妈扫墓。remember to do 记得去做某事。故填to sweep。

【小题9 dangerous考查形容词。句式 :It is +形容词+to do 的意思是:做某事是……的。故填dangerous。

【小题10will happen考查谓语动词。next  time 指将来的时间,所以谓语动词用将来时形式:will happen 。

考点:语篇理解以及语法知识。

4.【安徽省皖南八校”2016届高三第二次联考】阅读下列材料,在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式。

In the middle of April, if you walk through Jinghong,   1  capital of Xishuangbanna region in Yunnan province,    2    (chance) are that you'll get very, very wet.  The Dai people will be celebrating their water-splashing(泼水)festival from April 15 t0 17, marking the new year for the Dai ethnic minority.

Lonely Planet, one of the world's    3    (large) travel brands, has described what happens: “People race around the streets of Jinghong and the surrounding villages, soaking(浸透)every person  ___4    sight with buckets of water.  ____5    (tradition), water would be collected and poured only on family members as a

symbolic way    __6  (ensure) good luck in the coming year. Dai people believe that the wetter you get, the luckier you will be.

  Although water    7    (play)a vital role in the celebration, there is much more to the festival, especially during the first two days    8    water splashing is comparatively kept under control, according to Lonely Planet. People wear their best clothes, while older women in nearby villages    9  (dress) in traditional outfits(服装).They gather with their families and visit Dai temples. There, they wash the statues of Buddha(佛教)with water, a practice  10  (know) as ”Bathing the Buddha".

【答案】

【小题1the

【小题2chances 

【小题3largest

【小题4in

【小题5Traditionally

【小题6.to ensure

【小题7plays

【小题8when

【小题9are dressed

【小题10known

【解析】

试题分析:本文讲述了云南西双版纳的傣族节日“泼水节”。

【小题1the  考查冠词。特指西双版纳首府景洪,用填the。

【小题2.chances 考查名词。固定句式“很有可能”chances are that ,用chances。

【小题3largest  考查形容词。根据句意:“孤独的星球”世界上最大的旅游品牌之一,得知这里用形容词最高级,填largest 。

【小题4  in  考查介词。此处是表示看得见的人,用  in sight用in。

【小题5 Traditionally 考查副词。“传统来说”,用副词修饰整个句子。填Traditionally。

【小题6.to ensure 考查非谓语动词。way 后面用不定式结构解释内容,用to ensure。

【小题7plays考查动词。通篇介绍节日,是一般现在时。主语是不可数名词,用单数,填plays。

【小题8when考查连词。先行词是“前两日”,在定语从句中做时间状语,用when,故填when。

【小题9are dressed考查动词。“穿着”be dressed in,主语是复数名词,故填are dressed。

【小题10known考查非谓语动词。逗号前后没有连词,此处考查非谓语结构,“惯例”和“著名”是被动关系,故填known。

5.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2016届高三元月调研】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容( 1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

For more than six million American children, coming home after school means __1  (come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside.__ 2  all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They __3  (call) latchkey children---they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.

A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys __4  (attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, __5  he slowly learned were house keys. [来源:学。科。网ZXXK]

He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having __6  their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own __7  (safe).

The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed 8  in a closet. The second is TV. They’ll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents don’t realize __9  (it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact __10  they leave their children alone.

【答案】

【小题1coming

【小题2But

【小题3are called

【小题4attached

【小题5which

【小题6on

【小题7safety

【小题8or

【小题9its

【小题10that  

【解析】

【小题1coming考查固定结构。Mean doing sth.是固定结构,故填coming

【小题2But考查连词。根据前后文表示转折的意思可知这里需要表示转折的连词,故填But

【小题3are called考查被动语态。Theycall之间构成被动语态,并且主语是复数,故填are called

【小题4attached考查动名词。Attachkid之间构成被动关系,故填attached

【小题5which考查定语从句。引导词在后面从句不做任何成分,并且有逗号隔开,故填which

【小题6on考查短语。Influence on sb.意为“对……有影响”,是固定结构,故填on

【小题7safety考查名词。根据句意是担心他们的安全,这里是表示名词的安全,故填safty

【小题8or考查连词。根据语境,可知这里缺少一个表示或者的词,故填or

【小题9its考查代词。根据句意可知这里表示它对孩子们的影响,故填its

【小题10that 考查定语从句。引导词在从句中不做任何成分,并且没有逗号隔开,故填that。。

专题2 语法填空(二)——语法复习

方法与知识

优等生基本没有知识的问题,所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于:1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧;2.精选难度适中的训练题

动词的时态和语态

命题规律

      时态与语态一直是热点,也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力,能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态;熟练掌握常见的8种时态,弄清16种时态,同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大,不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于语境;但也有部分时态试题较易把握,其用法相对固定,常见于特定句式结构中;还有部分常见时态用法特殊。

时态和语态高考常考点:

1)一般现在时考点分析: ①表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)。表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:seehearsmelltastefeelnoticeagreebelievelikehatewantthinkbelong seem等。在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shallwill意愿,但不表示时态。少数用于表示起止的动词如comegoleavearriveflyreturnstartbeginpencloseendstop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。

2)一般过去时的考点分析:一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常用用一般过去时。

3)一般将来时考点分析:表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrownext week等)。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。表示趋向行为的动词如comegostartbeginleave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。④be going towill / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别:be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall / will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。be about to do sth.表示即可,就要,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。

4)现在进行时考点分析:表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的安排或计划;gocome等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。(A)表示心理状态、情感的动作:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(B)表存在的状态的动词:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。(C)表示一时性动作的动词:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(D)表示感官的动词:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look

5)过去完成时考点分析:常用过去完成时的几种情况:(A)在byby the endby the timeuntilbeforesince后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如:By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped / planned … + to have done。(C时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式。如:He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.D)表示……的几个句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.②beforeafter引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。

6)过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比:用would dowas / were going to do sth.表过去将来;comegoleave等过去进行时表过去将来时;was / were to do sth.was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。

7)过去进行时考点分析。过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由whenwhile引导的时间状语从句中。

8)现在完成时考点分析。现在完成时除可以和forsince引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)in recent years等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句;This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时;This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时;This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时。在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。

9)被动语态考点分析:被动语态的构成方式:be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题:主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉尾巴情态动词和be going tobe tobe sure toused tohave tohad better等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。当句子的谓语为saybelieveexpectthinkknowwriteconsiderreport等时,被动语态有两种形式:(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。(B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。

【考例分析】

【例1He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.

【解析】was pretending  “and giving”可确定,用过去进行时,构成并列谓语。

【例2Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.

【解析】is spent moneyspend之间存在被动关系,故用被动语态,从句时态提示应用一般现在时。

【例3One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.

【解析】found  主格代词he后应为谓语动词,由语境由One day“invited”可知,用一般过去时。

【例4】In 1969the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ____(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]

【解析】was 考查动词时态。上文提到的事情是1969年的事情,所以这里应该用过去式。

【例5】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop . . . . . . A boy on a bike __65__(catch) my attention. [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]

【解析】caught 考查动词时态。根据文章第一句“One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop…”可知本文叙述的是一件过去发生的事情,所以使用一般过去时。

【例6】JonnyBe patientTai Chi ____(call) “shadow boxing” in English. [2014·辽宁卷]

【解析】 is called 考查被动语态。这句话的意思是:太极在英语中被称为是shadow boxing,这里用一般现在时的被动:is called

【例7】 He walked in as if he ____ (buy) the school. [2012·广东卷]

【解析】had bought 考查虚拟语气及时态。在主格人称代词he后,显然是作谓语;又因他不可能买下了这个学校,故应用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,故填had bought

【例8】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he _______ (find)that he had run out of salt. 【2013·广东卷】

【解析】 found。考查谓语动词的时态。根据句意:他突然发现他没有盐了。此处缺谓语,再根据本文为讲述一个故事,故这里谓语动词应用一般过去时。

【方法总结】规律方法5:如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气?

(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。

(2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法,

(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等,通常用一般现在时。

非谓语动词

命题规律

  非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点。 考纲要求掌握:非谓语动词的时态和语态;他们在英语句子中的作用;非谓语动词的基本用法和含义,非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分,比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等;掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析;掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。

非谓语动词高考常考点:

1非谓语动词的时态和语态

 

 

主动形式

被动形式

动词不定式

一般式

to do

to be done

 

进行式

to be doing

 

 

完成式

to have done

to have been

 done

 

完成进行式

to have been

 doing

 

动词-ing

形式

一般式

doing

being done

完成式

having done

having been

 done

过去分词

只有一种形式done

2非谓语动词作状语

①不定式作状语:a.作目的状语,有时用in order toso as tob. 作结果状语,常用结构enough totoo...to...only to等。c. 作原因状语,此时常与表示情感的形容词连用,如gladhappyfrightenedsurprised等。d. 主语+系动词+形容词+to do”的结构中,常用主动形式表示被动含义。

②动词-ing形式(现在分词)作状语:a. 动词-ing形式(现在分词)作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生,having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。b. 动词-ing形式(现在分词)可作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。

③过去分词作状语:a. 过去分词作状语时与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动作发生。b. 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,此时作状语时相当于形容词作状语。

④不定式与动词-ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语的比较:不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果;而动词-ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。

⑤动词-ing形式(现在分词)与过去分词作状语的比较:作状语时,是用动词-ing形式(现在分词)还是过去分词,取决于该动词与主语之间的关系,若为意义上的主动关系,则用动词-ing形式(现在分词);若为动宾关系,则用过去分词。

3非谓语动词作定语

①不定式作定语:a. 不定式作定语时与所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,一般要跟相应的介词。但是,如果不定式修饰的名词是timeplaceway等,不定式后面的介词习惯省去b. 若名词前有序数词、最高级或noallonly等修饰,后面一般用不定式作定语。c. 用来修饰抽象名词时常用不定式作定语,常见的有abilitychanceattemptwarning等。

②动词-ing形式(现在分词)作定语:动词-ing形式(现在分词)作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动作的主动和进行。

③过去分词作定语:过去分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作的被动和完成。

4非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语

①不定式作宾补:a. 常跟不定式作宾补的动词有adviseallowasktellteachencouragecause等。b. 感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不带to,但变为被动语态,作主补的不定式需带to。常见的词有:一感觉:feel;二听:listen tohear;三使:lethavemake;四看:seewatchnoticeobserve等。另外,help后作宾补的不定式符号to可有可无。c. 下列结构中用不定式作主补,例如be said/reported/believed/considered to等。

动词-ing形式(现在分词)作宾补:动词-ing形式(现在分词)作宾补时强调宾语发出的动作正在进行。常见带有这种复合宾语的动词有:六让:makelethavegetkeepleave;三看:look atseewatch;两听:listen tohear;一注意:notice;一发现:find;一感觉:feel等。

③过去分词作宾补:过去分词作宾补时其动词形式与宾语发出的动作有逻辑上的被动关系,且表示完成。

5非谓语动词作宾语:

①有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语,常见的有agreeafforddecidedetermineexpecthopemanagerefuseofferpretendwishpromise等。

②有些动词或短语只能跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,常见的有admitappreciateavoidconsiderdelaydislikeescapeexcuseimaginemindmiss(错过)risksuggest, be used to(习惯于)can't stand(无法忍受)give upfeel likekeep oninsist onlook forward toput offdevote tostick toobject toget down to等。

③有些动词既可跟不定式又可跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,意义区别不大,但表示经常性的动作常用动词-ing形式(动名词),表示具体的动作常用不定式,常见的有beginstartcontinuelikeloveprefer等。

④有些动词或短语既可跟不定式又可跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,但意义有着明显的区别,常见的有:forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)try to do sth. 尽力去做某事;try doing sth. 试着做某事;regret to do sth. 对即将做的事感到遗憾(未做)regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事(此处不定式作状语)doing sth. 停止做某事;mean to do sth. 打算做某事;mean doing sth. 意味着做某事;go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事;go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事;can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事;can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事

⑤动词needwantrequire后跟doing作宾语时,主动形式表示被动含义,另外be worth doing也是主动表示被动。

⑥介词后一般跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,但but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前面有实义动词do则不带to,反之则带to

⑦动词如findfeelexpectthinkconsidermake等词后接不定式作宾语,宾语后跟形容词或名词作宾补,此时要用it作形式宾语。

⑧某些动词跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,但需跟不定式作宾补,常见的有allowpermitforbidadviseconsider等。

6非谓语动词作主语和表语:

①不定式与动词-ing形式(动名词)作主语和表语的区别:不定式表示某一具体的,尤其是未发生的动作;动词-ing形式(动名词)表示抽象的、泛指的动作。作主语时常用it作形式主语而把不定式或动词-ing形式(动名词)置后。

②过去分词与动词-ing形式(现在分词)作表语的区别:两者作表语时基本都是已经形容词化的动词-ing形式(动名词)或过去分词,此时表示令人……用动词-ing形式(现在分词);表示感到……用过去分词。

【考例分析】

【例1It is so dangerous that our guides will have guns      (scare) the animals away if they come too near.

【答案】to scare 

【解析】考查非谓语动词。不定式表目的。

【例2H The next day, a man named Zhi Sou saw them working and tried to stop them, ______ (say), “You are silly!...”

【答案】saying

【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词做状语, 表示主动。

【例3Later, ______ (move) by Yu Gong, the God of the Heavens ordered another god to take the two big mountains away.

【答案】moved

【解析】考查非谓语动词。过去分词做状语,表示被动。

【例4But she is thinking of     (switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle

【答案】switching

【解析】考查非谓语动词。think of后面跟动名词,作宾语。

【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词?

(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类,即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导,如果句子中出现了连词,应选谓语动词形式;如果两个结构中未出现连词,则考虑用非谓语动词。

(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。

确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致,找不到其逻辑主语时,整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证,不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点:

1.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,可用现在分词;

2.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,可用过去分词。

(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序

非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点,也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词,我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间;对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间,即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have donehaving done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生;to be doingdoing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

冠词

命题规律

    1. 抽象名词属于不可数名词,前面一般不用冠词;但用来表示具体的人或事时,其前用不定冠词。

2. 比较级和最高级前冠词的选择

      “a/an+比较级表示“(众多人或事物中)…………的一个,属于泛指;“the+比较级表示两者中较……的一个“the+最高级表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中……的一个“a most+形容词表示……,非常……”

3. 冠词的固定搭配。

冠词的考点归纳:

(1)定冠词的常考必备:①定冠词the与指示代词thisthat同源,有/ 那个之意,但语气较弱,可以和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或物。②叙述上文提到过的特定的事物或上文未提到,但听话者一定知其所指。③用于序数词、形容词的比较级、最高级以及形容词onlyverysame之前。④用于表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物尤指各种天体或世界上比较有影响的物体名词前。⑤用于表示具体的地点、方位,具体的时间或某天的一部分等。⑥用于表示山川、河流、海洋、群岛、报纸、杂志、朝代的专有名词及由普通名词构成的专有名词之前等等。

(2) 不定冠词的常考必备:①表示数量,与one相近。②用在首次提到的人或物之前,表泛指。③用在物质名词、抽象名词之前,表示一阵,一场,一种……”,也可以表示引起某种情绪的事,即抽象名词具体化使用。④用于be of aan+ n.结构中,表示相同……⑤ 用于so / as / too / how + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。⑥不定冠词aan用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,表示每一之意,相当于everyone,但概念上没它们那么强烈。

(3) 零冠词的常考必备:①称呼语及表示头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,其前一般不加冠词。②在as引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词前不加冠词。③专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前, 一般不加冠词。

【考例分析】

【例1After the new students are accepted, many colleges and universities offer      instruction program for them.

【答案】an

【解析】考查不定冠词。instruction program在文中第一次出现,以元音音素开头,故判断填an

【例2Actually, many of the teachers can’t give students        efficient way to deal with reading.

【答案】an

【解析】考查不定冠词。way是可数名词单数,被efficient(元音音素开头)修饰,属于a\an形容词+可数名词(单数)搭配。

【例3So generation after generation, there is no end to ______ number of people who can do their part.

【答案】the

【解析】考查定冠词。the number of ……的数量,固定短语;

【例4This is how the dog lost the game. He had come to _   ____ right place at the very beginning but failed to find the bone because he only complained and didn't try at all.

【答案】the

【解析】考查定冠词。place 可数名词单数形式,前无限定词,考虑填冠词。此为特指,因此填the

【方法总结】1: 如何判断空格处应填冠词?

下列情况很可能填不定冠词:

(1)________+可数名词(单数)

(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)

下列情况下很可能填定冠词:

(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)

(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)

(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)

情态动词和虚拟语气

命题规律

情态动词和虚拟语气考点,是英语高考中的必考点。在高考中主要考查点有:情态动词的基本用法、情态动词表推测的用法、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法、虚拟条件句的用法、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法、时间错综的虚拟条件句等。

情态动词和虚拟语气高考常考点:

情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定,每年总有一至两个题,可以单独考查,也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握,难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括:

1、考查情态动词的基本用法。如:cancould的用法及区别;willwould的用法及区别;must的用法;shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法;need的用法等。

2、考查情态动词的推测功能。如:cancouldmaymightmust 皆可表示推测,使用时要注意以下几点:(1)注意语气。语气较强用must, cannotcouldn’t;语气较弱maymightcancould;(2)注意句式。在肯定句中,一般用maymightmust;在否定句,疑问句中常用cancould;(3)注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时通常用情态动词+ 动词原形结构;表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测,通常用情态动词+进行体结构;表示对过去情况的推测,通常用情态动词+完成体结构。

3、考查情态动词的特殊用法。如:

1cannot can't tooover‐)enough perfectly sufficiently 等词连用,意为…”“无论怎样 也不为过决不会 ()”
2cannot wait to do sth意为急于做某事,。

3would used to的区别;can be able to的区别。

4“may / might well+动词原形意为理应,有足够的理由“may/ might as well+动词原形意为还不如,不妨,还是的好

5must表示偏执型,意为偏要硬要can用在肯定句,可以表示客观上的可能性shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等;should表示估计或推测上的应该,译为可能,该,估计,按理应当will 可以表示习惯和倾向性,意为惯于, 老是, 终归是等。

4、考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如:wishas if/thoughif onlywould ratherotherwise, without等。

【考例分析】

【例1It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______(do) it?

【答案】had done

【解析】题意:John打坏了窗户,为什么跟谈话?好像是打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明打坏窗户发生在过去as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对过去的虚拟。

【例2】If Mr. Dewey _____(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to

the people there.

【答案】had been

【解析】本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用had + v-ed,主句用would / could/ should / might + v-ed。句意:如果Dewey先生在场的话,他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。

方法总结】考查情态动词和虚拟语气主要是借助情态动词考时态

体验高考

[2015·全国卷Ⅰ] 

Yangshuo, China

It was raining lightly when I 61.________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 62.________I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with  63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese  65.________(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.

Yangshuo 67.________(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68.________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到阳朔游玩的经历和感受。

61arrived   考查动词的时态。天亮之前到了阳朔,当时天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。

62before/earlier   考查副词的用法。几个小时前,在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago

63its   考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前,在香港的家里,呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词,故用its

64that/which  考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句,先行词为Li River,在从句中作主语。

65paintings 考查名词的复数形式。漓江被画在如此多的中国绘画中。painting为可数名词,注意用复数形式。

66by   乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。

67is   考查动词的正确形式。此句缺少谓语动词,根据句意和后句的时态,可知此处用一般现在时。阳朔真的很漂亮。

68conducted  考查过去分词作定语。这里表示一家网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语表示被动关系。

69regularly   考查副词的用法。该旅游公司定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。这里用副词修饰动词。

70living   考查现在分词作定语。这里指住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语表示主动关系。

模拟新题精选

1.【山东省实验中学2016届高三上学期第三次诊断】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

In American schools there is something    1   (call) Homecoming Day. Many high schools and colleges with a football team have a homecoming game. This can be     2   (important) event of the year except graduation ceremony——students plan Homecoming Day for many weeks in advance.

   Several days before Homecomingstudents start to     3   (beautiful)decorate the school. There are signs to wish luck to the teamand many other signs to welcome the graduates. Many people still come to Homecoming twenty or thirty years     4    their graduations.

The members of school clubs build booths(摊位)and sell lemonadeapples and     5   (sandwich). Some clubs help to welcome visitors.

During the day people like to 1ook for teachers     6    they remember from long ago. Often they see old friends and talk about their happy years in school.

   Everyone watches the football game. When the game is half overthe band(乐队)    7   (come) onto the field and plays school songs. Another important moment is when the Homecoming Queen or King appears. All the students vote the most popular student Homecoming Queen or King. It is     8    honour to be chosen.

   Homecoming is a happy day but it is not perfect     9    the football team wins the game. Even if the team losesthe students still enjoy Homecoming. Some stay at the school to dance and others go to a party. For everyone it is a day worth     10   (remember).

【答案】

1.【小题1called

2.【小题2the most important

3.【小题3beautifully

4.【小题4after

5.【小题5sandwiches

6.【小题6that/who/whom

7.【小题7comes

8.【小题8an

9.【小题9unless

10.【小题10remembering

【解析】

试题分析:文章主要叙述毕业生返校活动。

1.【小题1called查动词。非谓语动词,主语与动词之间是被动关系,用called

2.【小题2the most important考查形容词。这可能是一年中的最重要的活动了,important的最高级,用the most important

3.【小题3beautifully考查副词。修饰动词用副词,用beautifully

4.【小题4after考查连词。在毕业的二、三十年后,许多人返校,用after

5.【小题5sandwiches考查名词。可数名词用复数,用sandwiches

6.【小题6that/who/whom考查关系词。定语从句,先行词为人,用that/who/whom

7.【小题7comes考查动词。主语the band是第三人称单数形式,用comes

8.【小题8an考查冠词。Honour是元音音素开头,用an

9.【小题9unless考查连词。除非足球队赢得比赛,不然Homecoming日就不是完美的了,用unless

10.【小题10remembering考查动词。worth doing 值得做某事,用remembering

2.【河南省商丘市2015届高三第二次模拟考试】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

    For centuries, everybody knows laughter is the best medicine. Besides bringing joy, the doctor also   1  believethat laughter helps release stress, which is the cause of many diseases.

    The celebration of World Laughter Day is   2  meanto bring good health, joy and world peace. It is a special day that can   3  celebrateannually by anyone on the first Sunday of May. All people need to do is laugh aloud and wildly. The fun event was started   4__   Indian physician, Dr, Madan Kataria.

    His quest to make the world a happier place   5  beginin 1995, with the introduction of Laughter Yoga(大笑瑜伽课), a fitness class   6   people practice breathing exercise and uncontrolled laughter.

    Though only five students attended the first class, this fun way of exercising soon began to spread and in a short time it began to be held   7   more than 70 countries around the world.

    Members get together every day or twice a week   8   exercise by simply laughing out loud, waving their hands and making funny faces each other to keep the laughing going.

In 1998, in an attempt to spread the laughter to every person, the physician declared the first Sunday of every May World Laughter Day. Not   9  surprise, it became an instant hit. To make it more fun, Dr. Kararia suggested   10  organizethe celebrations in public places so that other people could join in. Some even awarded prizes to participants who could perform this feat in natural and effortless way.

【答案】

【小题1】believes

【小题2】meant

【小题3】be celebrated

【小题4】by

【小题5】began

【小题6】where

【小题7】in

【小题8】to

【小题9】surprisingly

【小题10】organizing

【解析】

试题分析:本文介绍了世界大笑日的由来。

【小题1】believes考查时态。文章整体时态为一般现在时,且主语为第三人称单数,故谓语单数,填believes

【小题2】meant考查动词短语。be meant to do sth打算是,目的是,本来,固定搭配,故填meant

【小题3】be celebrated考查语态。Daycelebrate之间是被动关系,故填be celebrated

【小题4】by 考查介词。前面被动语态提示此处应用介词by

【小题5】began考查时态。此处指的这件事发生在过去,故用过去式began

【小题6】where考查定语从句关系词。定语从句中不缺成分,且引导词指示class,故填where

【小题7】in考查介词。和country搭配的地点副词为in

【小题8】to考查动词不定式。此处动词不定式表目的,故填to

【小题9】surprisingly考查副词。副词短语修饰整句,故填surprisingly

【小题10】organizing 考查动词短语。Suggest doing sth固定搭配,故填organizing

3.【河南省郑州市2016年高三上学期第一次质量预测】

Sweet wormwood (青蒿)is a common plant in China,   1   it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou   2  bethe woman who uses the plant’s

special power to save millions of lives. The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.

On October 5, Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan. Tu is the first native Chinese person   __3  receivea Nobel Prize in natural sciences.

Tu was modest about receiving the award: “It’s a success for the whole research team.” She also thinks   4   is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.

When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine   5   could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s, things were hard. The team didn’t have advanced equipment back then. Tu used to test   6   (medicineby eating them herself. Her team searched old Chinese medicine books   7   hand and tested over 2,000 traditional recipes.

Once Tu   8  returnhome after traveling for six months. Her little daughter didn’t recognize her and hid from the “strange woman”. To do research, Tu also had to move around a lot.

    Finally, Tu found artemisinin (青蒿素)in sweet wormwood in 1971. She spent the next decades   9  tryto improve the medicine. According to World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffer   10   malaria around the world, and about haft a million die each year. Artemisinin is stir the most effective treatment against malaria known today.

Tu never complains about how hard she works. “I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients,” she said.

【答案】

1.【小题1but

2.【小题2is

3.【小题3to receive

4.【小题4it

5.【小题5that / which

6.【小题6medicines

7.【小题7by / on / at / in

8.【小题8returned

9.【小题9trying

10. 【小题10from

【解析】

1.【小题1but 考查上下文联系。根据空格前后分析可知,前后构成转折关系,并且有逗号隔开,故填but

2.【小题2is 考查时态。本文是一般现在时,并且主语是第三人称单数,故填is

3.【小题3to receive 考查固定结构。The+序数词+to do是固定用法,故填to receive。

4.【小题4it 考查固定结构。It is…to do是固定结构,故填it

5.【小题5that / which 考查定语从句。引导词在从句中不坐成分,引导词用that或者which,故填that / which

6.【小题6medicines 考查单复数。根据后文medicine books,可知这里的机器是复数的,故填medicines

7.【小题7by / on / at / in 考查介词。这里根据句意,需要一个表达用的介词,故填by / on / at / in

8.【小题8returned 考查时态。根据语境可知,这件事情发生在过去,应用过去式,故填returned

9.【小题9trying 考查固定结构。Spend后面的动词用-ing的形式,故填trying

10.【小题10from考查短语。Suffer from意为“遭受”,故填from

考点:考查词汇和语法的运用。

4.【山东省德州市2016届高三上学期期末统考】

    It is becoming increasingly hard to avoid watching reality television in Chinasuch as the Voice of ChinaChina’s Got Talentor Super BoyIn AmericaBig Brother  1  (broadcast)five days a weekSurvivor Finale appears on the front page of the New York Post after gaining ratings(收视率)that are much  2 (high)than NBAAmericans seem addicted to reality television programs  3  ordinary people compete in weeks—long contests while being filmed 24 hours a dayBut why?

    One of the most commonly repeated “4 (true)”about reality TV viewers is that they watch in order to talk with friends about the showbut the explanation is quite   5 (correct)

  In fact fans of the shows have  6  much stronger desire for statusThey are much more likely to agree with statements such as “Reputation is important to me”It represents a means to get attentionAnd more attention increases one’s sense of  7  (important)We think we are important if others pay attention to us and unimportant if   8  (ignore)

Ordinary people can watch the showssee people 1ike 9 (them)and imagine that they also could become famous by being on television 10  is the reality TV show that gives them a sense of being a star in crowd

【答案】

1.【小题1is broadcast(ed

2.【小题2higher

3.【小题3where

4.【小题4truths

5.【小题5incorrect

6.【小题6a

7.【小题7importance

8.【小题8ignored

9.【小题9themselves

10.【小题10It

【解析】

试题分析: 文章主要说明了现在越来越多人喜欢看真实表演秀。

1.【小题1is broadcast(ed)考查被动语态。由于Big Brotherbroadcast之间是被动冠词,所以应该用被动语态,故填is broadcast(ed)。

2.【小题2higher考查比较级。根据后面的than可知此处需要用比较级,故用形容词high的比较级higher,故填higher

3.【小题3where考查关系副词。此处冠词副词where引导定语从句,故填where

4.【小题4truths考查名词。根据结构判断此处缺少名词,所以应该用名词truth表示“事实”,且应该用其复数形式,故填truths

5.【小题5incorrect考查形容词。根据句意可知此处的解释是相当不正确的,故填incorrect

6.【小题6a考查冠词。Have a much stringer desire表示“有一个更强的欲望”,故填a

7.【小题7importance考查名词。此处缺少名词,sense of importance表示“重要感”,故填importance

8.【小题8ignored考查动词。此处前面省略了we are,表示“被动含义”,所以应该用ignore的过去分词ignored,故填ignored

9.【小题9themselves考查反身代词。动词反身代词代指他们自己。故填themselves

10.【小题10It考查代词。此处It做形式主语引导主语从句,故填It

5.【山东省淄博市淄川第一中学2016届高三上学期期末】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

    In my last semester of collegemy favorite professor made an  1 (announce)that he would be teaching a study-abroad course over the winter break in CambodiaThe more he talked about the opportunitythe more  2  (interest)I becameI left class thinking I might  3  (actual)do it

    My immediate excitement gave in to excuses  4  the weeks passedThe trip would be expensiveI would have less time to spend with my family over the break and so onIn shortI was 5  (terrify)of taking the risk

On the day I made my  6  (decide)I suddenly felt as if I had seen myself clearlyWhy was I so scared to take this chance? How could I let fear get  7  the way of a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity? Besides,I had always dreamed of travelling the world and  8  (study)abroad was a major point in my lifeSo I took the challenge and  9  (fly)to Cambodia

Nowlooking back to my experiences in CambodiaI cherish them very muchIt has taught me 10  (conquer)fearsbig or small and have a faith in myself

【答案】

1.【小题1announcement

2.【小题2interested

3.【小题3actually

4.【小题4as

5.【小题5terrified

6.【小题6decision

7.【小题7in

8.【小题8studying

9.【小题9flew

10.【小题10to conquer

【解析】

1.【小题1announcement考查名词。Announcement意为“声明”,冠词后面接名词,故填announcement

2.【小题2interested考查形容词。这里是变得有兴趣,应用形容词,故填interested

3.【小题3actually考查副词。Actually修饰do,故填actually

4.【小题4as考查介词。As意为“当”,根据后面动词是过去分词的形式可知这里应该用as,故填as

5.【小题5terrified考查形容词。Terrified意为“害怕的,恐惧的”,be动词后面接形容词作表语,用来形容我的害怕,故填terrified

6.【小题6decision考查名词。Decision意为“决定”,根据句意我做了我的决定,故填decision

7.【小题7in考查介词。in the way of意为“妨碍,关于……方面”,固定结构,故填in

8.【小题8studying考查and的用法。And前后动词的结构格式相同,故填studying

9.【小题9flew考查and的用法。And前后的动词的格式结构相同,前面是过去式后面也是,故填flew

10.【小题10to conquer考查固定结构。Teach sb. to do是固定结构,故填to conquer

考点:考查词汇和语法的用法。

三、句法复习

方法与知识

优等生基本没有知识的问题,所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于:1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧;2.精选难度适中的训练题

定语从句

命题规律

    定语从句是高考的热点,对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容:1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词;2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词;3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别;4.介词+关系代词的用法;5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断;6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。

定语从句基本考点:

1)关系代词引导的定语从句

①who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,其中whom只能作宾语。

②which,that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

③whose用来指人或物,在定语从句中只作定语。

2)关系副词引导的定语从句

①关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

需要特别注意:a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions,当“时机”讲时,用关系副词when;当“场合”讲时,用关系副词where。

②the way后面的定语从句的关系词。

在定语从句中,the way是一个比较特殊的先行词,当它在从句中充当方式状语时,其后的关系词可以是in which,that或省略;但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。

3)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

① “介词+关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人),which(指物) 和whose三个。

② “复合介词短语+关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。

③ “of+which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)

需要特别注意:该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词,具体做法是:a. 把先行词放在从句中,从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。b. 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。

4as和which引导的定语从句

① as引导的限制性定语从句

关系代词as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:

a. as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。

b. 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时,只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。

c. as意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report,announce等;which意为“这一点”。

5定语从句中的主谓一致

①关系代词作从句的主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致,先行词是句子时,从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

②“one of+复数名词位于关系代词前作先行词时,关系代词在从句中作主语,从句的动词通常用复数,但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时,从句的谓语动词要用单数。

名词性从句

命题规律

名词性从句是高考的热点,对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容:掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法,了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法;一些易混引导词的辨析;句子的语序、否定前移;名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。

名词性从句基本考点:

1名词性从句的连接词

①连接词thatwhetherif

I. 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用,不作句子成分,that本身无意义,有时可省略,whetherif本身有意义,均不能省略。thatwhether可以连接所有的名词性从句,而if引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。

II. whetherif的用法比较

二者均可作是否讲,都可以引导名词性从句,引导宾语从句时可以互换。

在下列情况下,常用whether,不用ifa. whether引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句,if不可。c. whether可以作介词宾语,if则不可。d. whether后可以加不定式,if不可。e. 可以用whether...or引导让步状语从句,意为无论,不论if则不可。

②连接代词

引导名词性从句的连接代词有:whowhomwhosewhatwhichwhateverwhicheverwhoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用,同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。

③连接副词

引导名词性从句的连接副词有:whenwherehowwhy。连接副词在句中既是连接词,又作状语。

2主语从句

①主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。

②that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省;what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西时,一般不用it作形式主语;whateverwhoeverwhichever一般也不用it作形式主语。

I.  It+系动词+形容词(necessaryrightlikelyunlikelywrongimportantcertainclearobviousstrangenormal)that从句

II.  Itbe+名词(短语)(a pitya shamegood newsa factan honoura wonderno wonder)that从句

III. Itbe+过去分词(saidtoldheardreporteddecidedsuggestedadvisedorderedrememberedthoughtconsideredwell­knownannounced)that从句

IV. It+特殊动词(seemappearhappenmatter)that从句

注意:a. 在“It is necessaryimportantstrangenaturalthat从句结构中,从句常用“(should)+动词原形形式。

b. 在“Itbesuggestedadvisedorderedrequestedinsistedrequiredthat从句结构中,that从句应用“(should)+动词原形

3宾语从句

在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

①动词的宾语从句

I. 大多数动词(hopetellsayknowthinkconsiderimaginehearexpectsupposeguess)可以带宾语从句。

注意:在thinkbelievesupposeexpect等动词引导的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式,这一现象称为否定前移。

II. 动词findfeelthinkconsidermakebelieve等后有宾语补足语时,则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。

III. 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)hateenjoylikelovedislikesee to等。

②一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。

注意:a. where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。

b. that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的,只有在exceptinbut等介词后偶尔可能用到。

③surecertaingladpleasedhappysurprised等表示情感的形容词后也可带宾语从句。

4表语从句

在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。共分三类:

①主句的主语是ideaadvicesuggestionorderrequestrequirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即“(should)+动词原形的形式。

②主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用whybecause

③becauseas ifas thoughaslike等连接词也可引导表语从句。

5同位语从句

同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。

①能接同位语从句的名词有:belieffacthopeideadoubtnewsconclusionsuggestionproblemorderanswerdecisionexplanationinformationthought等。

②同位语从句一般用that引导,但也可以用连接代词(whatwhichwho)、连接副词(whenwherewhyhow)whether引导。

③有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后,而是被别的词隔开。

6名词性从句的几个难点

①that通常不可省略的四种情况:

I. 引导主语从句,that置于句首时不可省略。

II. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。

III. 在由it作形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句中,that也不可省略。

IV. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时,that也不可省略。

②whatthat的区别:

what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“……的人(地方、东西)that只起引导作用,在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。

状语从句

命题规律

考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点:1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别;2.根据历年高考试题,对状语从句的考点要进行全面的归纳,在九大类别中的考查热点中,重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词运用上;3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句;4.做好易混词的辨析如:aswhenwhile等,时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现;5. 掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略;6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。

状语从句基本考点:

1)时间状语从句

① when 引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时”,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。

② while引导时间状语从句,意为“与……同时,在……期间”,从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。

③ as引导时间状语从句,意为“正当;一边……一边……;随着”等意思,表示两个动作同时发生。

④ as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

注意:no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配:no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。

⑤before/since

a. 表示“还未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;还没来得及……就……”。

b. It will be+一段时间+before...“多久之后才……”。

c. since的常用句型:It is (has been) /was+一段时间+since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时)

⑥until/till

主句为肯定句时,谓语用延续性动词;主句为否定句时,谓语用非延续性动词。

2)地点状语从句

① 通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。

② 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。

③ where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。

where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。

3)条件状语从句

① 通常由if“如果”, unless“如果不;除非”,as (so)  long as“只要”,in case (that) “结果,万一”,once“一旦”,when“既然”等连词引导。

②由on condition (that),provided (that),providing (that) “倘若;假使”, supposing (that),in case“如果”等引导的条件状语从句。

4)让步状语从句

① 让步状语从句可由although,though,as,while,even if (though),whatever (wherever,whoever...),whether...or...,no matter who (when,what...) 等引导。

② while作“尽管”讲,引导让步状语从句时,往往放在句首。

5)原因状语从句和方式状语从句

① 原因状语从句通常由because,since,as,now that,seeing (that),considering that等引导。

② 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式,常由as“像……一样”, as if (though) “似乎,好像”等引导。

6)目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that,so that,for fear that “害怕,担心发生某事”, in case “以防”等。从句中常用may,might,can,could,should等情态动词。

特殊句式

命题规律

从近几年高考试题来看,特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法。特殊句式比较杂乱,掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点,强调句是高考的难点。同时,祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象,如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句,把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起,考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。

特殊句式基本考点:

1)倒装句

① 完全倒装

a. 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等置于句首时,句子用完全倒装。

b. 表语位于句首时,其倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。

② 部分倒装

a. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。

b. 否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时。

c. so/neither/nor位于句首时,可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前,构成部分倒装。

d. hardly...when...,no sooner...than...,not only...but also...等连接两个句子且hardly,no sooner,not only位于句首时,前一个句子用部分倒装,后一个句子不倒装。

e. so...that...和such...that...句式中,如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时,主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。

f. as/though引导让步状语从句时,可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前,构成倒装。句式为:表语、状语或动词原形+as/though+主语+其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)

2)强调句型

① 强调句的基本句型是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。

② 强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前;特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was+it+that从句”。

③ 如果原句中含有“not...until”,在强调时间状语时,将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。

④ do/does/did强调句型:do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。

3)省略

①在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。

②I'm afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。

③不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to。

注意:用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后边,但be动词后有助动词be 和 have时,be 和 have不能省略。

【考例分析】

【例1He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”  higher.

【解析】but  句中very happyvery tired是转折关系,两句间是逗号且没有连词,故填连词but

【例2So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.”

【解析】nor  并列连词“neither…nor…”表示既不也不…”

【例3】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table.

【解析】and  句中entered a hotel coffee shopsat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。

【例4】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.

【解析】who  引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语,指人。

【例5】 One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.

【解析】that 引导同位语从句,说明idea的具体内容,从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。

【例6】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do.

【解析】what  引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。

【例7】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.

【解析】where  句子+句子,中间必填连接词;后句修饰前句,关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。

【例8】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher.

【解析】who/that  代替an elder,引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。

【例9】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.

【解析】whom   还原talk to sb.可知,用whom引导定语从句。

【例10】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children.

【解析】when  引导时间状语从句,表示……

【例11】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.

【解析】until/till  表示一直到……”

【例12】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.

【解析】If  表条件。he thought…he was wrong是两个句子,没有连词。

【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填连接词?

(1) 并列连词:如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间,那么就可能填连词。

(2) 主从复合句的连接词:如果两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。

体验高考

 [2015·广东卷]

语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16-25的相应位置上。

Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned ___16___ farm, which looked almost abandoned. ___17___ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly ___18___ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ___19___ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass ___20___ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she ___21___ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living ___22___ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ___23___ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ___24___ people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to ___25___ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.  

【解析】

试题分析:这篇短文讲述的是Johnson先生一家人靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活,但是一次意外奶牛死了,Johnson先生不得不想其他办法继续生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜,一边砍树去集上卖木头。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候,又给他打开了一扇门。

16. 句意:他拥有一个农场,这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a 是不定冠词,表示泛指一个…,修饰可数名词单数。根据文意可知,Johnson先生和家人住在树林里,他拥有一个农场。故填a。

17. 句意:幸运的是,他还有一头奶牛,每天都能产奶。luckily副词,幸运的是。根据文意可知,Johnson先生的农场很破旧,都快要废弃了。但是还有奶牛每天都产奶,能让他维持生存,所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词形式修饰整个句子

18. 句意:他去附近的镇里卖牛奶,或是用牛奶来换其他的食物。本句话中exchange 的意思是交换,根据句意可知,Johnson先生用牛奶来换其他的食物。这里是用短语exchange…for…,故填介词for。

19. 句意:他去附近的镇里卖牛奶,或是用牛奶来换其他的食物,用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave离开;剩下,留下。根据文意可知,Johnson先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶来生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶,剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句,根据句意可知用被动语态。

20. 句意:一天,奶牛正在吃草,这时突然开始下起大雨。when是并列连词,意思是正在这时。这句话使用的句型是be doing sth. when…,正在做某事这时…。

21. 句意:在慌忙逃跑的时候,奶牛摔下了山死了。fall摔倒,掉下来,根据文意可知,这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态,故这里填过去式fell。

22. 句意:牛奶死了,Johnson先生不得不继续生活。with和…一起。根据文意可知,牛奶在慌忙躲雨的时候,不小心摔死了,因此Johnson先生就不得不没有了奶牛来生活。故填without。

23. 句意:因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长,Johnson先生就开始砍树来卖木头。sell卖,销售。根据文意可知,Johnson先生一边种植药草和蔬菜,一边砍树去卖掉木柴。这里用动词不定式形式在句中做目的状语。

24. 句意:丰收的时候,他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在这里引导的是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the market。

25. 句意:现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的,奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。It occurred to sb. that…某人突然发现…,这是一个固定的句型,因为这篇短文讲述的是Johnson先生,故填him。

【考点定位】语法填空。

【名师点睛】主要考查学生在语篇理解的基础上的,在具体的语境中体现的语法内容。

模拟新题精选

1.【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2016届高三上学期期末阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds   1   (hold) everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather,    2    (plant) in spring and harvest in autumn. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.

Today's festivals have many   3_ (original), some religious , some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For example, the Japanese festival Obon is honored in __4  (memorize) of their ancestors. People then should go to clean graves, light lamps and play music  __5   they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.   6__ this important feast day, people eat food in  _7_  shape of skulls and cakes with "bones" on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had  _8   origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children's festival, __ 9    they can dress up and go to their neighbors' homes to ask for sweets. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honors the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. India has a national festival on October 2 to honor Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India's  __10__ depend) from Britain.

【答案】

1.【小题1have been held

2.【小题2planting

3.【小题3origins

4.【小题4memory

5.【小题5because

6.【小题6On

7.【小题7the

8.【小题8its

9.【小题9when

10.【小题10independence

【解析】

1.【小题1have been held;考查现在完成时和被动语态。since是现在完成时的标志,这个句子中的主语是Festivals and celebrations(节日和典礼)与动词hold(举行)构成被动关系。故填have been told

2.【小题2planting;非谓语做后置定语。

3.【小题3origins;考查名词。original是形容词,原始的,最初的,而这一空的前面是many(大量的),也是形容词,所以这里应该填一个名词。故填origins

4.【小题4memorymemorize是动词,记忆。此处的句意:纪念祖先的记忆。因此应该用名词形式。故填memory

5.【小题5because;根据后面半句they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.他们认为这会引导祖先们回到地球。这是在解释前面做法的原因,前后构成因果关系。故填because

6.【小题6On;固定用法,在某一天,用介词on。故填On

7.【小题7the;考查定冠词。此处特指形似头骨的食物。故填the

8.【小题8its;考查物主代词。此处的主语是The Western holiday Halloween西方度假万圣节,是物。故填its

9.【小题9when;考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是festival,是一个节日,可以看做一个名词,也可以看做一个时间、时期。故填when

10.【小题10independence;句意:帮助印第安从英国独立出来。故填independence

【名师点睛】

关于非限制性定语从句的几点建议:

1.先行词指物时,用which引导。

2.先行词指人时用whom引导。比如:She is my sisterwho is 16。在此句中my sister是先行词,指人,故填who

3.整个句子做先行词用which引导。The boy is often late for classwhich makes his teacher angry

4. as引导的非限制性定语从句中,连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等,可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活,即可以在句子 前面,在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有:as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。 
[注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容,不表示部分内容。 
[注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指"事先可以预料到的""料想到的",表达""的方面。 

This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你,这也是你工作的一部分。 

As is known to allthe Great Wall is in China.众所周知,长城在中国。

He failed in the examas we had expected.他考试失败,正如我们所料到的。

区别:He failed in the examwhich we had not expected. 他考试失败,这件事是我们没有料到的。

考点:考查词汇和语法运用能力

2.【吉林省吉林大学附属中学2016届高三上学期第四次摸底】阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

    It is really sad news for Guinness World Records. Tiffany Two, the holder of the 1          (old) cat record, has passed away in her sleep at 2        age of 27 years, 2months and 20 days.

Born on March 13, 1988 in San Diego, California, Tiffany Two  3           (buy) by her owner, Sharon Voorhees, from a local pet shop. At that time, the cat was only six  4        (week) old. Sharon named her Tiffany Two in memory of the cat she once 5          (own) In the 1970s.

In fact, 6        Tiffany Two celebrated her 27th birthday back in March, she had lived the equivalent (等量) of 125 human years.

Despite 7                   unbelievable age, Tiffany Two was reported to have good sight and hearing 8                   (recent). Tiffany Two only had minor 9         (ill) such as high blood pressure, and Sharon described her as “strong and still able to go up and down stairs”.

“She’s not afraid 10          (play) with anyone or any animal. She walks right past the dogs. She’s very active!” Sharon explained.

【答案】

1.【小题1oldest

2.【小题2the

3.【小题3was bought

4.【小题4weeks

5.【小题5owned

6.【小题6when

7.【小题7her/the

8.【小题8recently

9.【小题9illnesses

10.【小题10to play

【解析】

1.【小题1oldest;考查形容词的最高级。用最高级是前面要加定冠词the,因此这里可根据是否有定冠词the而确定是不是最高级。故填oldest

2.【小题2the;固定搭配:at the age of 岁的时候。故填the

3.【小题3was bought;考查被动语态和过去式。根据后面的by her owner可知句意为被拥有者买了。故填was bought

4.【小题4weeksweek是可数名词。六周即six weeks。故填weeks

5.【小题5owned;考查主谓一致。根据这一句前面半句的动词named可知这一句是用的一般过去时,所以这里也应该用一般过去时。故填owned

6.【小题6when;句意:事实上,当Tiffany Two庆祝它27岁生日的时候,相当于人类125岁。故填when

7.【小题7her/the;根据后面的unbelievable age(难以置信的年龄)可知这是指Tiffany Two的年龄,所以可以填her,又因为在上文提到过,也可以填the。故填her/the

8.【小题8recently;考查副词。句意:据报道说最近Tiffany Two的视力听力都很好。故填recently

9.【小题9illnesses;考查形容词的名词形式。ill是形容词,illness是其形容词形式,但是可数名词。故填illnesses

10.【小题10to play;考查动词afraid的用法。be afraid to do 害怕去做某事。故填to play

考点:考查词汇和语法运用能力

3.【江西省九江市七校2016届高三第一次联考】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists are working hard to develop better aerials(天线)for mobile phones, a spokesman for Phikia Phones said today.It really    1    (annoy) users when they lose the signal in the middle of a call ,    2   we are developing new aerials that will enable users   3     (receive)stronger signals. Many users reported that when they   4   (travel),the signal was often lost” ,said the spokesman. The new aerials are designed to avoid losing the signal   5  receiving the message on a wider range of radio frequencies. we have learnt that this is a major concern for phone users”, said the spokesman. The new phones have a  6  (flexibility) external aerial , which users will have to get used to  7   (touch) their ear or head. The aerials that make the phones able to pick up a wider range of signals. The company spokesman insisted   8  this was not a potential danger. Every safety regulation has been followed, he told our reporter.If I   9  (have)one of these phones this morning, I wouldn’t have missed my train coming here,   10  (joke) the spokesman.

【答案】

1.【小题1annoys

2.【小题2so

3.【小题3to receive

4.【小题4were traveling

5.【小题5By

6.【小题6flexible

7.【小题7 touching

8.【小题8that

9.【小题9 had had

10.【小题10joked

【解析】

试题分析:考查动词名词等的掌握情况。

1.【小题1annoys考查动词。it是主语,所以用第三人称单数形式,故用annoys。

2.【小题2so考查连词。根据前后文可知这里是因果关系,所以用so.

3.【小题3to receive考查不定式。这里用不定式做目的状语,所以用to receive

4.【小题4were traveling考查时态。根据when可知这里用过去进行时,所以用were traveling。

5.【小题5By考查介词。根据句意可知这里的介词意思应是通过,所以用by

6.【小题6flexible考查形容词。根据后文aerial可知前文用形容词修饰名词,所以用flexible。

7.【小题7touching考查动名词。get used to中的to是介词,所以用动名词,所以用touching。

8.【小题8that考查代词。that指代后面的一句话,所以用that

9.【小题9 had had考查时态。这里是虚拟语气,所以用过去完成时,所以用 had had。

10.【小题10joked考查时态。这里是过去时态,所以用joked

4.【甘肃省西北师范大学附属中学2015届高三下学期第五次诊断】语法填空:共 10 题 每题 1 分 共 10

   One day a farmer’s donkey fell down into a well. The animal cried piteously 1 hours as the farmer tried to figure out what to do. Finally, he decided the animal was old, and the well needed  2  (cover) up anyway; it just wasn't worth  3  to save the donkey.

He invited all his neighbors to come over and help him. They all grabbed a shovel() and began to shovel dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized 4 was happening and cried horribly. Then, to everyone’s amazement, he quieted down. A few shovel loads later, the farmer finally looked down the well. He 5 (astonish) at what he saw. With each shovel of dirt __ 6 ____ hit his back, the donkey was doing something 7 (amaze). He would shake it off and take a step up.

8 the farmer’s neighbors continued to shovel dirt on top of the animal; he would shake it off and take a step up. Pretty soon, everyone was amazed as the donkey stepped up over 9 edge of the well and happily ran off!

Each of our troubles is a stepping stone. We can get out of the deepest wells just 10 not giving up! Shake it off and take a step up.

试题分析:这是一篇励志故事。主人决定将掉过井里的驴子用土埋掉。驴子以土为台阶,最后走出井外,得以自救。

【答案】

1【小题1for

2.【小题2covering/to be covered

3.【小题3it

4.【小题4what

5.【小题5was astonished

6.【小题6that/which

7.【小题7amazing

8.【小题8as

9.【小题9the

10.【小题10by

【解析】

试题分析:这是一篇励志故事。主人决定将掉入井里的驴子用土埋掉,驴子以土为台阶,最后走出井外,得以自救。

1【小题1for 考查介词。for hours“几个小时”

2.【小题2covering/to be covered考查非谓语动词。表示“需要被……”既可以接不定式的被动式,又可以接ing形式的主动式。

3.【小题3it考查代词。句型be worth it to do…指“值得做……”。

4.【小题4what考查宾语从句。what在从句中作主语。

5.【小题5was astonished考查谓语动词。对……感惊讶:be astonished at

6.【小题6that/which考查定语从句。关系代词that/which在从句中作主语

7.【小题7amazing考查形容词作后置定语。something amazing意为令人惊讶的事情。

8.【小题8as考查状语从句。意为随着……,引导时间状语从句。

9.【小题9the考查定冠词。特指井的边缘。

10.【小题10by考查介词短语。by doing sth.作方式状语。

考点:考查介词及其短语、代词、冠词、形容词、名词性从句、非谓语动词的用法

5.【安徽省合肥一中、芜湖一中等六校教育研究会2016届高三第一次联考】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

     Tuan was a farmer in Vietnam. For decades, he had been struggling to rid his family of hunger.However, it always confused him    1   to expand the output of his crops. This   2   (disturb)problem led to his regretting being a farmer. He would rather have chosen    3    job.

    One day, when skimming through a newspaper, Tuan read   4   comment on Yuan Longping. He underlined Yuan’s nationality and occupation, and then    5   (focus) on his discovery and the statistics of his research. He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very    6   (practice). Therefore, he made a summary and began to build up a new farming method. He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped    7   (he) to keep his crop roots free of bacteria and pests. He also enriched minerals in the soil while    8   (reduce) chemical fertilizers. Though it cost him more time and freedom, he was full of hope.

The next year, Tuan was sunburnt    9   satisfied with his production very much. Thanks to YuanLongping, he not only won the battle   10   hunger, but he could also export his crops abroad.

【答案】

1.【小题1how

2.【小题2disturbing

3.【小题3another

4.【小题4a

5.【小题5focused

6.【小题6practical

7.【小题7himself

8.【小题8reducing

9.【小题9but

10.【小题10against

【解析】

试题分析:本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了越南农民Tuan受到袁隆平故事的激励而努力研制农业新品种去提高农作物产量的事情。

1.【小题1how 考查连接副词。从上文可知数年来他们家都面对饥饿的困扰,所以他一直在想如何提高庄稼的收入,填how

2.【小题2disturbing考查形容词。修饰名词problem用形容词,此处表示“令人不安,烦扰的”,故填disturbing

3.【小题3another考查代词。根据前句内容可知他不喜欢自己的工作,宁愿选择了另一份工作,故填another

4.【小题4a考查冠词。Comment是可数名词,前面需要限定词,此处表示泛指概,故用不定冠词a

5.【小题5focused考查动词时态。And连接并列成分,故该词和underlined做并列谓语,根据一致的原则判断填focused

6.【小题6practical考查形容词。此处是“find +宾语+补语”结构,用形容词做补语,填practical

7.【小题7himself考查代词。从语境可知此处用反身代词,指他自己,填himself

8.【小题8reducing考查非谓语动词。此处是连词+分词结构,句子主语和reduce之间是主动关系,用现在分词,填reducing

9.【小题9but考查连词。从句意可知前后句子是转折关系,填but

10.【小题10against考查介词。他取得了战胜饥饿的胜利,against“抵抗,对抗”,填against

考点:考查语法知识的运用

【名师点睛】

语法填空考查范围:

动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、数词,连词,固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气,省略、强调等。

语法填空命题特点:

1). 共10个小题,每题1.5分       

2). 一般每格只填1个词;最多不超过3个词(谓语动词的时态与语态、 非谓语动词形式、 多音节形容词和副词) 

3)  侧重语境加语法,语法占关键    

考点及重点:

1.有提示词,主要对动词(非谓语动词、动词时态、被动语态),名词,形容词、副词以及比较级和词类转换的考查。

例如:本题中的62.【小题2disturbing(考查形容词)

65.【小题5focused(考查动词时态)

66.【小题6practical(考查形容词)

67.【小题7himself(考查代词)

68.【小题8reducing(考查非谓语动词)

2.无提示词,主要是对代词、冠词、情态动词、介词和连词的考查。

61.【小题1how (考查连接副词)

63.【小题3another(考查代词)

64.【小题4a(考查冠词) 

69.【小题9but(考查连词)

70.【小题10against(考查介词)

解题策略:

1.概读理解—分析填空—连贯检查(语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确)

2. 了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。

 

 

 

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