2015年高考阅读理解分类汇编
1.（2015全国1A） 3
2.（2015福建A） 4
3.（2015全国II D） 6
4.（2015四川A） 7
5.（2015天津A） 8
6.（2015安徽A） 9
7.（2015陕西A） 10
8.（2015江苏A） 11
科普知识类阅读对策 12
9.（2015全国II B） 13
10.（2015福建E） 14
11.（2015广东C） 15
12.（2015湖北Ｅ）难度较大 16
13.（2015湖南B） 17
14.（2015四川D） 18
15.（2015天津B） 19
16.（2015重庆D） 21
17.（2015重庆E） 22
18.（2015安徽C） 23
19.（2015安徽D） 24
20.（2015陕西C） 25
21.（2015江苏B） 25
人物传记类 27
22.（2015全国IB） 27
23.（2015安徽B） 28
社会生活类 29
24.（2015全国IB） 29
25.（2015全国II A） 30
26.（2015福建B） 30
27.（2015福建D） 32
28.（2015广东A） 33
29.（2015广东B） 34
30.（2015湖北A） 35
31.（2015湖南C） 38
32.（2015四川B） 39
33.（2015天津C） 40
34.（2015天津D） 41
35.（2015重庆A） 42
36.（2015浙江C） 43
37.（2015浙江D） 45
文化教育类 46
38.（2015全国1D） 46
39.（2015全国2C） 47
40.（2015福建A） 48
41.（2015广东D） 49
42.（2015四川C） 50
43.（2015四川E） 52
44.（2015重庆B） 53
45.（2015安徽E） 54
46.（2015浙江A） 55
47. (2015陕西D) 56
48.（2015江苏D）Freedom and Responsibility 57
高考英语广告应用类阅读对策
人们的生活与广告有密切的关系，近年高考命题者皆偏爱考查学生的广告阅读理解能力。因为广告来自生活，取材英美国家的报刊、杂志，语言地道，原汁原味。考题符合考纲和考试说明上面的要求。本文将对广告的特点和解题技巧加以分析，并附今年高考的八篇广告应用类阅读理解，以期对大家提供一些帮助。
一、广告类阅读的五大特点
1. 材料特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。
2. 内容特点：涉及与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
3. 形式特点：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。
4. 用词特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。
5. 命题特点：广告类阅读题的命题主要是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。
二、做广告类阅读的五大技巧
1.先题后文法：“先题后文”指的就是先读试题，了解试题的考查点，再根据试题的要求快速阅读短文.
2.题干定向法：如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段基本相同，则可直接对号入座；如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段有较大出入，则要进行一定的处理，这个“处理”是多方面的，它可能包括对原文进行同义变换、对概念进行解析、对事实进行归纳、将具体问题抽象化或将抽象问题具体化、将文中提到的原则或规则进行实际运用等等。
3. 错误排除法：一般说来，对于那些与文意明显不符或与文章内容不相关的选项比较容易排除，但有些选项与文章内容相符，却与题干问题不吻合，即属答非所问的情形，也应作为错误项予以排除，尤其是那些从文章中摘录的句子，要特别小心，它们很有可能是干扰项。除了验证其是否能回答所提问题外，还要看它是否回答了问题的主要方面， 也就是说看它是不是最佳答案，如果它只能回答所提问题的一个侧面或还有比它更合适的选项，都要毫不犹豫地将其排除。
4. 信息补全法：广告类阅读材料的一大特点是缩略词和省略句多。考生在做题时，要注意根据文章的上下文语境将省略句补充完整，以便于正确地理解和答题。
5. 生词模糊法：生词多是广告类阅读材料的一大特点。面对这些生词同学们该怎么办呢？ 许多同学首先想到的是想办法来猜测其词义。当然，若能根据上下文的语境猜出生词的词义，那再好不过了。但问题是，有些生词是无法猜的，并且命题者也没有要求考生去猜测其词义，因为不仅试题本身没有涉及对这些生词的理解，而且这些生词也根本不会影响到答题。对于这些生词，考生在做题时只要模糊地知道它们的存在就够了，千万不要一看到生词就紧张，就被它们吓住。
三、2015广告应用类高考真题集
1.（2015全国1A）
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.
December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and Aits-- Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings: www. canalmuseum.org.uk/book
More into: www. canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT
www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel: 020 7713 0836
21.When is the talk on James Brindley?
A. February 6th. B. March 6th. C. November 7th. D. December 5th.
22. What is the topic of the talk in February?
A. The Canal Pioneers. B. Ice for the Metropolis
C. Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands D. An Update on the Cotswold Canals
23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.
A. Miranda Vickers B. Malcolm Tucker C. Chris Lewis D. Liz Payne
2.（2015福建A）
SIGN YOUR CHILD UP FOR "FLY TO THE MOON CLUB"
AND ENJOY A FREE * FLIGHT TO ANY DESTINATION IN ASIA!
With a registration fee of just $50 per child,
children under the age of 12 can join
Eagle Airways'
FLY TO THE MOON CLUB as members.
They can then enjoy the same benefits onboard Eagle Airways' newest Boeing-797 to any destination in the world!
BENEFITS YOU CAN'T MISS!
• A free * flight to any destination in Asia
• 30% off any course at Tanya Language School
• 20% off any purchase made at Ruby Bookstore
• A free notebook with every purchase above $50 at Starlight Stationery
• A free bowl of dessert for a family of four at Don's Diners with every set dinner ordered
• A birthday gift on your child's birthday
• A free album containing pictures taken during the journey
All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family! ** Insurance is issued by Live Life Insurance Group.
10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS
for departures from 5 to 11 September
* Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.
** Terms and conditions apply.
65. One of the benefits mentioned in the advertisement is________.
A. a free flight to any destination in the world
B. 30% off any book purchased at Ruby Bookstore
C. a free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airport
D. a discount on any course at Tanya Language School
66. Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits?
A.
|
Booking date |
Departure date |
|
September 13 |
September 18 |
B．
|
Booking date |
Departure date |
|
September 2 |
September 12 |
C.
|
Booking date |
Departure date |
|
August 15 |
September 4 |
D.
|
Booking date |
Departure date |
|
August 16 |
September 8 |
67. Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement?
A.You need to pay $50 to sign up a child for the club.
B.Club members enjoy free travel insurance for any flight.
C.The advertisement is intended for students of all ages.
D.Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.
3.（2015全国II D）
Choose Your One-Day Tours!
Tour A-- Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge--£37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.
Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.
Tour B-- Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house--£32 until 12 March and 36 thereafter.
Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England’s oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)” from St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.
Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace--£34 until March and £37 thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Mill’s favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle (entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!
Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-- £33 until 18 March and £37 thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.
33.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?
A.Tour A B.Tour B C.Tour C D.Tour D
34.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?
A.Windsor Castle & Hampton Court. B. Oxford & Stratford
C. Bath &Stonehenge. D. Cambridge.
35.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?
A. It used to be the home of royal families. B. It used to be a well-known maze
C. It is the oldest palace in Britain D. It is a world-famous castle.
4.（2015四川A）
31. The card above is_________
A. a ticket B. a postcard
C. an invitation D. an advertisement
32. The party is for_________
A. a birthday B. the Queen
C. bee watching D. the National Day
33.According to the card ,if you are unable to go, you can .
A. return the card B. visit the Museum
C. ignore the messageD. contact Alice’s mother
5.（2015天津A）
University Room Regulations
Approved and Prohibited Items
The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
Access to Residential Rooms
Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.
Cooking Policy
Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.
Pet Policy
No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.
Quiet Hours
Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.
36. Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?
A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds. B. Wireless routers and radios.
C. Hair dryers and candles. D. TVs and electric blankets.
37. What if a student is found to have told his combination to others?
A. The combination should be changed. B. The Office should be charged.
C. He should replace the door lock. D. He should check out of the room.
38. What do we know about the cooking policy?
A. A microwave oven can be used. B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.
C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.
D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.
39. If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face _____.
A. parent visits B. a fine of $100 C. the Student Court D. a written notice
40. When can students enjoy a party in residences?
A. 7:00 am, Sunday. B. 7:30 am, Thursday. C. 11:30 pm, Monday.D. 00:30 am, Saturday.
6.（2015安徽A）
Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.
|
Electronic Village Program (Thursday, June 18, 2015) |
|
|
Nearpod ❖ 9:00 am to 10:00 am ❖ Room 501 Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (语境) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it. |
TEO ❖ 2:00 pin to 3:00 pm ❖ Room 502 Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO. |
|
Kahoot ❖ 10:30 am to 11:30 am ❖ Room 601 Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (反馈), including reports about their strengths and weaknesses. |
Prezi ❖ 3:30 pm to 4:20 pm ❖ Room 602 Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics, including introducing family, friends, and hobbies. |
56. Nearpod can be used to ______.
A. offer grammar tests B. teach listening on-line
C. help vocabulary learning D. gain fluency in speaking
57. If you want to improve your speaking skills, you can go to____________.
A. Room 501 B. Room 502 C. Room 601 D. Room 602
58. Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?
A. Nearpod. B. Kahoot. C. TEO. D. Prezi.
59. A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching is expected to arrive by ______.
A. 9:00 am B. 10:30 am C. 2:00 pm D. 3:30 pm
7.（2015陕西A）
Share with us
Would you like to have your writing published in this magazine?
Then let us know! We pay for stories, anecdotes and jokes:
Anecdotes and Jokes
＄50
What’s made you laugh recently? A funny sign? A colleague’s behavior? Got a joke? Send it in for Laughter is the Best Medicine!
Email: Juliet@sws.com
Smart Animals
Up to ＄100
Send us a tale about the strange behaviour of unique pets or wildlife in up to 300 words.
Email: audry@sws.com
Power of Love
Up to ＄150
Acts of generosity can change lives or just give you that warm feeling full of love. Share your moments 100-500 words.
Email: susan@sws.com
My Story
＄350
Do you have an inspiring or life-changing story to tell? Your story must be true, unpublished, original and 800-1000words.
Email: nanjc@sws.com
For more information, please visit: http://www.sws.com./share
46. How much will the magazine pay for a joke to be published?
A. ＄50 B. ＄100 C. ＄150 D.＄350
47. If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers, you need to submit it to .
A. Anecdotes and Jokes B. Smart Animals C. Power of Love D. My Story
48.A story showing people’s generosity should be emailed to the editor at .
A. juliet@sws.com B. susan@sws.com C. Audrey@sws.com D. nanjc@sws.com
49. An inspiring story sent to the magazine should .
A. describe strange behaviour B. contain less than 800 words
C. be real and original D. be published before
8.（2015江苏A）
Visitor Code
• Arrive with nothing that can harm New Zealand
If you are arriving from overseas, bring no food, animal or plant material into the country. If in doubt declare it to Customs.
Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds, other wildlife, or where signposted.
Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste (e.g. glass, paper) where possible.
• Be considerate with other waste
If using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station. In the back country, bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways.
• Keep New Zealand's water clean
Because soaps and other wastes can harm waterways, be careful your washing water doesn't pollute the sea, lakes and rivers.
Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.
When camping or picnicking, use facilities provided.
Keep to the track, where one exists, so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.
When driving, minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.
56. According to the Code, visitors should act _________.
A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasure
C. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation
57. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?
A. Take your own camping facilities. B. Bury glass far away from rivers.
C. Follow the track for the sake of plants. D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds
Keys: 1. 21-23 CDA 2. 65-67 DDA3. 33-35 BDA4. CAD5. 36-40DAACD6.CDBC7. 46-49 ABBC8. AC
科普知识类阅读对策
【题型说明】科普知识类文章在高考试卷中是倍受青睐的又一宠儿。每年高考都有关于科普知识类阅读理解材料的考查。这类文章的特点是科技词汇多，句子长且结构复杂，理论性和逻辑性又都较强，再加之文章所介绍的知识对于同学们来说是比较陌生的。因此，同学们看这类文章觉得是雾里看花。
【文章特点】科普类文章的主要特点：
1. 文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。综观整篇文章可以明显看出，它没有文学英语中常采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修饰手段，一词多义的现象也不多见。
2. 句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象与一体的长句。
3. 常使用被动语态，强调动作的承受者。
4. 常使用双重否定句。
【结构特点】科普知识类文章结构一般也是由标题(Headlines),导语(Introductions)，背景( Background)，主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，高考这类阅读理解材料一般也不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述。这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。
【备考提醒】要做好这类阅读理解题，先要掌握这类文章的特点和结构，真正读懂并理解它。其次，工夫在课外，平时一定要多读科技幻想类文章，比如：太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。特别是从网上搜寻一些取材原版、内容时新、语言鲜活的科技幻想类材料阅读。这样长期坚持，既可以增长知识、开阔视野，又可以扩充科技词汇，还能提高解答这种类型试题的能力。我们何乐而不为呢?
【真题再现】
9.（2015全国II B）
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places--and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
Don’t forget the clock--or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes, And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes, Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake（摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.
A. their home comforts B. their body shape C. house buying D. healthy diets
26.A home environment in blue can help people_________.
A.digest food better B. reduce food intake C.burn more calories D. regain their appetites
27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A. Eat quickly. B. Play fast music. C. Use smaller spoons. D.Turn down the lights.
28.What can be a suitable title for the test?
A. Is Your House Making You Fat? B.Ways of Serving Dinner
C. Effects of Self-Consciousness D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
10.（2015福建E）
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins(内渄肽), and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision (监管) of a fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let fitness frighten you!
If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.
72. The first paragraph focuses on .
A. the greatest challenge of group exercise
B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness
C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health
D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups
73. The underlined word "upbeat" in the second paragraph probably means _________.
A. cheerful B. average C. serious D. temporary
74. When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary .
A.to sustain a colorful lifestyle B.to party on weekends with positive people
C.to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D.to surround yourself with supportive people
75. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Seeking Support B. Supporting Health
C. Improving Your Strength D. Building Up Fitness
11.（2015广东C）
Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.
One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.
Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.
Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.
For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.
36. By watching TV, children learn _________.
A. images through words B. more than explicit meanings
C. more about images than words D. little about people’s psychology
37. An educational program is best watched by a child _________.
A. on his own B. with other kids C. with his parents D. with his teachers
38. Which of the following is most related to children’s reading ability?
A. Radio-listening B. Television-watching
C. Parents’ reading list D. Parents’ educational background
39. Anderson believed that _________.
A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he is
B. the younger a child is, the more he watches TV
C. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV
D. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school
40. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To advise on the educational use of TV.
B. To describe TV’s harmful effects on children.
C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.
D. To present Anderson’s unconventional ideas.
12.（2015湖北Ｅ）难度较大
Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.
Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?
To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科). Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.
On the whole, Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.
67. The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to________.
A. illustrate where science can be applied
B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book
C. remind the reader of the importance of science
D. explain why many writers use science in their works
68. According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?
A. Its strong basis. B. Its convincing points.
C. Its clear writing. D. Its memorable characters.
69. What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?
A. Contradictory. B. Supportive. C. Cautious. D. Critical.
70. What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A. Problems with the book. B. Brooks’s life experience.
C. Death of the characters. D. Brooks’s translation skills.
13.（2015湖南B）
In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, "No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me."
The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.
An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.
This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?
That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.
61. The author mentions the joke to show ______.
A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy
C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous
62. The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_______.
A. get rid of the street dirt B. lower the Chicago River
C. fight against heavy floods D. build the pipes above ground
63. The underlined word "hoist" in Paragraph 4 means "_______".
A. change B. lift C. repair D. decorate
64. What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?
A. It went on smoothly as intended. B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.
C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.
D. It separated the building from its foundation.
65. The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ______.
A. popular life styles and their influences B. environmental disasters and their causes
C. engineering problems and their solutions
D. successful businessmen and their achievements
14.（2015四川D）
Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night--as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.
David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?' During the breeding(繁殖)season,between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep."
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.
42. According to Dr Dominoni's study, what causerrobins to sing so much?
A. The breeding season. B. The light in modern life.
C. The dangerous environment. D. The noise from heavy machinery.
43. What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?
A. The environment might be polluted. B. The birds' health might be damaged.
C. The industry cost might be increased. D.The people's hearing might be affected.
44. What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D.Inactive during the day.
45. Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?
A. Because there are fewer dangers. B. Because there is more food to eat.
C. Because there is less light pollution D. Because there are more places to take shelter.
15.（2015天津B）
Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
41. How are social robots different from household robots?
A. They can control their emotions. B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework. D. They respond to users more slowly.
42. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?
A. Communicate with you and perform operations.
B. Answer your questions and make requests.
C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
43. What can Oshbot work as?
A. A language teacher. B. A tour guide. C. A shop assistant. D. A private nurse.
44. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ______.
A. train employees B. be our workmates
C. improve technologies D. take the place of workers
45. What does the passage mainly present?
A. A new design idea of household robots. B. Marketing strategies for social robots.
C. Information on household robots. D. An introduction to social robots.
9. Keys: BBCA 10. 72-75 CADB 11. Keys: BCDCD
explicit 明确的，清楚的; 直言的; 详述的; 不隐瞒的
have it (that) 称……属实，说……是真的
Rumour has it that we'll have a new manager soon.据传我们即将拥有一位新经理。
If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older.如果你小时精明的话，年龄大时就会少会电视。
12. ＤＣＤＡ
本篇文章理解难度较大，读完后不知所云。故本文要弄清楚文章的主旨实际上是批评这本书的。
13. BDBAC 14. BBAA capitalise 利用，使资本化 15. BDCBD
16.（2015重庆D）
There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.
The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face. It is truly exciting. You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them.
In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace. With golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.
Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback Safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.
48. What does the underlined word "They" refer to?
A. Flooded waters B. Wildlife journey C. Safari camps D. Unique rides
49. What does the author find most exciting about a horse safari?
A. Seeing and feeling the real African life.
B. Enjoying good food and wine at the camp.
C. Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did.
D. Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.
50. What does the underlined word "sedate" probably mean?
A. Wild and romantic B. Slow and peaceful C. Hungry and thirsty D. Active and excited
51. The author introduced the riding experience in the OKavango Delta mainly by________.
A. Following space order B. Following time order
C. Making classifications D. Giving examples
17.（2015重庆E）
The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.
History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries. Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.
Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.
52. According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?
A. It introduces different cultural values.
B. It explains the history of artistic works.
C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.
D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.
53. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that________.
A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries
B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart
C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts
D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures
54. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_______.
A. they are results of scientific study
B. they establish some general principles of art
C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists
D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature
55. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A. Are Artistic Values Universal? B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?
C. Is Human Nature Uniform? D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?
18.（2015安徽C）
As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆) ."
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
64. The passage begins with two questions to ______.
A. introduce the main topic B. show the author's altitude
C. describe how to use the Internet. D. explain how to store information
65. What can we learn about the first experiment?
A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.
B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.
C. The first group did not try to remember the information.
D. The second group did not understand the information.
66. In transactive memory, people ______.
A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information
C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information
67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?
A. We are using memory differently. B. We are becoming more intelligent.
C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information.
19.（2015安徽D）
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.
In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone (外激素), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.
68. We can learn from the passage that ants are ____________.
A. not willing to share food B. not found around the poles
C. more successful than all other animals D. too many to achieve any level of organization
69. Ants can use pheromones for______.
A. escape B. communication C. warning enemies D. arranging labor
70. What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Accept. B. Employ. C. Play with. D. Fight against.
71. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants?
A. Their behavior. B. Their size. C. Their number. D. Their weight.
20.（2015陕西C）
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out.
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
54. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?
A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques.
B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.
C. It slows down the loss of shade trees. D. It improves local soil conditions.
55. The purpose of the text is to .
A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade
56. Where does this text probably come from ?
A. An agricultural magazine. B. A medical journal.
C. An engineering textbook. D. A tourist guide.
57. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
21.（2015江苏B）
In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that___________.
A. the weight of e-goods is rather small
B. e-waste deserves to be made good use of
C. natural minerals contain more precious metals
D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended .
A. from producers to governments B. from governments to producers
C. from individuals to distributors D. from distributors to governments
60. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The increase in e-waste. B. The creation of e-waste.
C. The seriousness of e-waste. D. The management of e-waste.
人物传记类
22.（2015全国IB）
Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.
28. Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?
A. Optimistic. B. Productive C. Generous. D. Traditional.
29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?
A. One of his masterworks. B. A successful screen adaptation.
C. An artistic creation for the stage. D. One of the beat TV programmes.
30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A. By popularity. B. By importance. C. By size and shape. D. By time and subject.
31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents.
23.（2015安徽B）
When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.
Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, "Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business."
Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.
60. Helene tied several chopsticks together to show ______.
A. the strength of family unity B. the difficulty of growing up
C. the advantage of chopsticks D. the best way of giving a lesson
61. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.
A. started a business in 1975 B. left Vietnam without much money
C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
62. What can we infer about the An daughters?
A. They did not finish their college education.
B. They could not bear to work in the family business.
C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.
D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.
63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. How to Run a Corporation B. Strength Comes from Peace
C. How to Achieve a Big Dream D. Family Unity Builds Success
社会生活类
24.（2015全国IB）
The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part-- particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables-- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.
The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m, rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries, the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.
Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.
Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where- luckily for me- I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.
24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?
A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.
25. What made the author’s getting up early worthwhile?
A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air.
C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.
26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?
A. They are soft. B. They look nice. C. They taste great. D. They are juicy.
27. What was the author going to that evening?
A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables.
25.（2015全国II A）
My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.
When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.
21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?
A.He got an older model than he had expected.
B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.
C.He could have bought it at a lower price.
D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.
22.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?
A.ended all their programs B.provided fewer channels
C.changed to commercials D.showed all-night movies
23.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?
A. By shaking and hitting it. B.By turning it on and off.
C.By switching channels. D.By having it repaired.
24. How does the author sound when telling the story ?
A. Curious B. Anxious C. Cautious D. Humorous
26.（2015福建B）
Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. "There's so much to learn," he'd say. "Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way. " He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an education.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.
Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen.
"Felice," he'd say, "tell me what you learned today. "
"I learned that the population of Nepal is .... "
Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation of the world would depend upon it. "The population of Nepal. Hmm. Well .... " he'd say. "Get the map; let's see where Nepal is. " And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.
As children, we thought very little about these educational wonders. Our family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one another's education. And by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future teacher I studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life. Not a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.
60. What do we know from the first paragraph?
A.The author's father was born in a worker's family.
B.Those born stupid could not change their life.
C.The town elders wanted to learn about the world.
D.The poor could hardly afford school education.
61. The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to________.
A. one new thing B. a request C. the news D. some comment
62. It can be learned from the passage that the author_______ .
A. enjoyed talking about news B. knew very well about Nepal
C. felt regret about those wasted days D. appreciated his father's educational technique
63. What is the greatest value of "dinner time" to the author?
A. Continual learning. B. Showing talents.
C. Family get-together. D. Winning Papa's approval.
64. The author's father can be best described as________.
A. an educator expert at training future teachers
B. a parent insistent on his children's education
C. a participant willing to share his knowledge
D. a teacher strict about everything his students did
27.（2015福建D）
Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.
This tension between what we feel we can have and "what we're seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".
So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns?
Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges.
While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't.
That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and doing it now.
Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way.
68. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should .
A. slow down and live a simple life B. be careful when we choose to change
C. stick to our dreams under any circumstances D. be content with what we already have
69. What is the key to breaking the old patterns?
A. To focus on every detail. B. To decide and take immediate action.
C. To listen to those close to us. D. To think twice before we act.
70. Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A. Escape from your punishment. B. Realization of your dreams.
C. Freedom from your tension. D. Reduction of your expectations.
71. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. It's easier than we think to get what we want.
B. It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life.
C. It's impractical to change our way of thinking.
D. It's harder than we expect to follow a new course.
28.（2015广东A）
Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box haven’t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ”
Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.
“You should put that up for auction (拍卖) on the Internet, and see what happens.”the salesgirl said.
“Yes, you’re right. People like something rare.” Peter agreed, “I can’t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”
“Don’t forget to tell me if you sell it.” the salesgirl smiled.
“No problem.” Peter said.
After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldn’t find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.
Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop.
“Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?”
The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi!”
“I’ve got something for you,” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.
“Wow!” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.”
26. Which of the following best describes Peter’s word game?
A. It was made around 40 years ago. B. It had game boards in different sizes.
C. It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal. D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.
27. What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter’s word game?
A. Old and handy. B. Rare and valuable.
C. Classic and attractive. D. Colorful and interesting
28. Peter got the names of the game fans from _________.
A. an auction B. the Internet C. a game shop D. the second-hand shop
29. What happened at the end of the story?
A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.
B. The salesgirl became Peter’s friend.
C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000.
D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.
30. What is the main theme of the story?
A. It’s important to keep a promise.
B. It’s great to share in other people’s happiness.
C. We should be grateful for the help from others.
D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money.
29.（2015广东B）
When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish.” I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?
As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them..
When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.
31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?
A. He could not catch a fish. B. His father was not patient with him.
C. His father did not teach him fishing. D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.
32. What did the author’s father really mean?
A. To read about fish. B. To learn fishing by oneself.
C. To understand what fish think. D. To study fishing in many ways.
33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________.
A. in deep water on sunny days B. in deep water on cloudy days
C. in shallow water under sunlight D. in shallow water under waterside trees.
34. After entering the business world, the author found _________.
A. it easy to think like a customer B. his father’s fishing advice inspiring
C. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable D. it difficult to sell services to poor people
35. This passage most likely comes from _________.
A. a fishing guide B. a popular sales book
C. a novel on childhood D. a millionaire’s biography
30.（2015湖北A）
“I see you’ve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?” “No, it’s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.”
As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him.
The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite signs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移).
The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stopped from feeding on their mother’s milk, and those who’ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.
Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few miles west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.
Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements.
51. Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?
A. To protect the tourists from being bitten B. To keep the ponies off the petrol station
C. To avoid putting the ponies in danger D. To prevent the ponies from fighting
52. One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ______________.
A. to feed baby ponies on milk B. to control the number of ponies
C. to expand the habitat for ponies D. to sell the ponies at a good price
53. What was the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?
A. He freed it from the trap B. He called a protection officer
C. He worried about it very much D. He thought of it as being naughty
54. What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies?
A. It lacks people’s involvement. B. It costs a large amount of money
C. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor. D. It has caused an imbalance of species.
56. Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______.
A. drivers should be polite to cyclists B. road accidents can actually be avoided
C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes
57. Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______.
A. be provided with enough roads B. be asked to ride on their own lanes
C. be made to pay less tax for cycling D. be fined for laughing at policemen
58. What is a complaint of JML?
A. Very few drivers are insured. B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements.
C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights. D. Horse riders disrespect other road users.
59. The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______.
A. accidents B. vehicles C. pedestrians D. cyclists
60. The three letters present viewpoints on _______.
A. real source of road danger B. ways to improve road facilities
C. measures to punish road offences D. increased awareness of road rules
31.（2015湖南C）
Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keepers sometimes had advance notice.
Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.
Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.
One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. "He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight," Glenn later wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.
66. What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?
A. It was carried out once a year. B. It was often announced in advance.
C. It was important for the keeper's fame. D. It was focused on the garage and yard.
67. The family began making preparations immediately after ______.
A. one of the members saw the boat
B. a warning call reached the lighthouse
C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap
D. the inspector flew special flags in the distance
68. Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______.
A. result in some fun B. speed up washing them
C. make her home look tidy D. be a demand from the inspector
69. If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______.
A. an empty pan B. many clean dishes
C. pieces of baked bread D. a cloth covering something
70. The inspector waved his arms ______.
A. to try his best to keep steady
B. to show his satisfaction with the floor
C. to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother
D. to express his intention to continue the inspection
32.（2015四川B）
Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.
And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.
As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜). Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.
Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!
Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn’t look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn’t offend the nose so much, edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup.
34. Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin’s chicken house regularly?
A. To earn some money for the family. B. To collect manure for his crops.
C. To get rid of the terrible smell. D. To set a good example to us.
35. What can we infer about Dad’s stew?
A. It is popular among the neighbors. B. It contains honey and vegetables.
C. It looks very wonderful. D. It tastes quite delicious.
36. What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?
A. To attract B. To upset C. To air D. To shut
37. What can we learn about Dad from the text?
A. He is an experienced cook. B. He is a troublesome father.
C. He has a positive attitude to life. D. He suffers a lot from his disability.
33.（2015天津C）
One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.
In the library, I found my way into the “Children’s Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.
There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.
Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.
My mother’s call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.
I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般地) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.
46. The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to_____.
A. encourage him to do more walking B. let him spend a meaningful summer
C. help cure him of his reading problem D. make him learn more about weapons
47. The book caught the author’s eye because_____.
A. it contained pretty pictures of animals B. it reminded him of his own dog
C. he found its title easy to understand D. he liked children’s stories very much
48. Why could the author manage to read the book through?
A. He was forced by his mother to read it. B. He identified with the story in the book.
C. The book told the story of his pet dog. D. The happy ending of the story attracted him.
49. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The author has become a successful writer.
B. The author’s mother read the same book.
C. The author’s mother rewarded him with books.
D. The author has had happy summers ever since.
50. Which one could be the best title of the passage?
A. The Charm of a Book B. Mum’s Strict Order
C. Reunion with My Beagle D. My Passion for Reading
34.（2015天津D）
Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.
Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.
Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas -- even physical strength greater than most of us realize.
Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet --and stopped him cold.”
Boldness--a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.
So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.
51. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?
A. He faced huge risks. B. He lacked mighty forces.
C. Fear prevented him from trying. D. Failure blocked his way to success.
52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?
A. Swallow more than you can digest. B. Act slightly above your abilities.
C. Develop more mysterious powers. D. Learn to make creative decisions.
53. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?
A. His physical strength. B. His basic skill. C. His real fear.D. His spiritual force.
54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?
A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults. B. Trying without success is meaningless.
C. Repeated failure creates a better life. D. Boldness can be gained little by little.
55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To encourage people to be courageous.
B. To advise people to build up physical power.
C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.
D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.
35.（2015重庆A）
At thirteen, I was diagnosed（诊所）with kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.
In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses, “you are no different from your classmates, young man.”
I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots（点）, which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was no different from others; I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?
I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day- with an“A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: “See what you can do when you keep trying?”
36.The author didn’t finish the reading in class because________.
A.He was new to the class B.He was tried of literature
C.He had an attention disorder D.He wanted to take the task home
37.What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?
A.He had good sight B.He made a great invention.
C.He gave up reading D.He learned a lot from school
38.What was Mrs. Smith’s attitude to the author at the end of the story?
A.Angry B.Impatient C.Sympathetic D.Encouraging
38.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The disabled should be treated with respect.
B. A teacher can open up a new world to students.
C. One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.
D. Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.
36.（2015浙江C）
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal （夜间活动）species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences -- called light pollution --whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night, -- dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage -- the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way the edge of our galaxy -- arching overhead.
50. According to the passage, human beings .
A.prefer to live in the darkness B.are used to living in the day light
C.were curious about the midnight world D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon
51 What does "it" (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A. The night. B. The moon. C. The sky. D. The planet.
52. The writer mentions birds and frogs to_________.
A.provide examples of animal protection
B.show how light pollution affects animals
C.compare the living habits of both species
D.explain why the number of certain species has declined
53. It is implied in the last paragraph that_________.
A.light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C.human beings cannot go to the outer space
D.human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
54. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Magic Light. B. The 0range Haze.
C. The Disappearing Night. D. The Rhythms of Nature.
37.（2015浙江D）
In 2004, when my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband Joe, were united in their desire for a dog. As for me, I shared none of their canine lust.
But why, they pleaded. "Because I don't have time to take care of a dog.” But we'll do it. "Really? You're going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes and yes. "I don't believe you.” We will. We promise.
They didn’t. From day two(everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day), neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large), she calculated, “The medium one is the sucker in the pack .”
Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld ( 心灵融合 ) . She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers, beam her need, and then wait, trusting I would understand --which, strangely, I almost always did. In no time, she became my fifth appendage(附肢), snoring on my home-office couch as i worked, cradling against my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television .
Even so, part of me continued to resent walking duty. Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair, I'd balk silently as she and I walked. "Not fair," I'd loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home.
Then one day-- January 1, 2007, to be exact-- my husband's doctor uttered an unthinkable word; leukemia ( 白血病). With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained.
Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.
As the months went by, I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.
When serious illness visits your household, it's not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you know acts differently with Misty. As 1 watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future, there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.
55. Why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?
A. She was afraid the dog would get the family into trouble.
B. It would be her business to take care of the dog.
C. Her husband and daughter were united as one.
D. She didn't want to spoil her daughter.
56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to "The medium one is the sucker in the pack .”( Paragraph 3 ) ?
A. "The middle-aged person loves me most."
B. "The medium-sized woman is the hostess."
C. "The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.'
D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.
57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_________.
A. Misty was quite clever B. Misty could solve math problems
C. the writer was a slow learner D. no one walked Misty the first day
58. The story came to its turning point when_________.
A. Joe died in 2009 B. Joe fell ill in 2007
C. the writer began to walk the dog D. the dog tried to please the writer
59. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?
A. Misty couldn't live without her.
B. Her friends didn't offer any help.
C. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.
D. She didn't want Misty to be others' companion.
60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?
A. One should learn to enjoy hard limes.
B. A disaster can change everything in life.
C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.
D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.
文化教育类
38.（2015全国1D）
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers--some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session--are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle--longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel.“There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up”. Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then, it wouldn’t be France.
32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?
A. Learn a new subject B. Keep in touch with friends.
C. Show off their knowledge. D. Express their true feelings.
33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A. They are less frequently visited. B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They have bigger night crowds. D. They start to serve fast food.
34. What are theme cafes expected to do?
A. Create more jobs. B. Supply better drinks.
C. Save the cafe business. D. Serve the neighborhood.
35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A. They bring people true friendship.
B. They give people spiritual support.
C. They help people realize their dreams.
D. They offer a platform for business links.
39.（2015全国2C）
More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.
This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.
But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship -- young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,” he said.
29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
A. It is flexible in length. B. It is a time for relaxation.
C. It is increasingly popular. D. It is required by universities.
30. According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year______.
A. are better prepared for college studies B. know a lot more about their future jobs
C. are more likely to leave university in debt D. have a better chance to enter top universities
31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?
A. He's puzzled B. He's worried. C. He's surprised. D. He's annoyed.
32. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A. Attend additional courses. B. Make plans for the new term.
C. Earn money for their education. D. Prepare for their graduate studies.
40.（2015福建A）
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane(赛道). Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth
Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy ,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world--or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure--if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!
La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina--the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes--official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.
The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash!
56. In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must_________.
A. wear various formal clothes B. roll a wooden cheese in their own lane
C. kick or throw their cheese D. use a real cheese weighing about four kilos
57.Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?
A. In New Mexico. B. In the Caribbean. C. In Australia. D. In China.
58.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts .
A. three days B. seven days C. less than three days D. more than seven days
59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B. More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C. Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D. An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
41.（2015广东D）
It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.
In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.
One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded 'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional（地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.
In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.
41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________.
A. it is time to end class distinction B. most people belong to middle class
C. it is easy to recognize a person’s class D. people regard themselves socially different
42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. variety B. division C. authority D. qualification
43. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as _________.
A. regional B. educated C. prejudiced D. unattractive
44. British attitudes towards accent _________.
A. have a long tradition B. are based on regional status
C. are shared by the Americans D. have changed in recent years
45. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The middle class is expanding
B. A person’s accent reflects his class
C. Class is a key part of British society
D. Each class has unique characteristics.
42.（2015四川C）
Across Britain,burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers. But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.
Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as＄172, 000 a year.
The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income＄30000 more than the Prime Minister earns.
By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week, 40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1000 mothers with children under 18, it found that, on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.
To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at ＄48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”, with psychologist（心理学家）a close second.
It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的）demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.
Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.
The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.
38.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?
A.￡30,000. B.￡142,000. C.￡172,000. D.￡202,000.
39.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from .
A. emotional demand B. low pay for work C. heavy workload D. lack of training
40.What is stressed in the last paragraph?
A. Mothers’ importance shows in family all year long.
B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.
C. Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated.
D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.
41.What can we conclude from the study?
A. Mothers’ working hours should be largely reduced.
B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.
C. Mothers’ labour is of a higher value than it is realised.
D. Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.
43.（2015四川E）
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.
“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.However , physicist Joseph West think there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said , “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes , should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”.
So he tried it.
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.
West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
46.It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______.
A.rolling them on roads B.pushing them over the sand
C.sliding them on smooth paths D.dragging them on some poles
47.The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means____.
A.made the path wet B.made the path hard
C.made the path wide D.made the path slippery
48.What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A.Rolling the blocks with poles attached. B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C.Rolling poles to move the blocks. D.rolling the blocks with fat.
49. Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?
A. Because more force is needed for sliding.
B. Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C. Because sliding on smooth road is more dangerous.
D. Because less preparation on path is needed for rolling.
50. What is the text mainly about?
A. An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B. An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C. An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D. An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
44.（2015重庆B）
In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics（策略）.
One tactic involves where to display the goods. For example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food（垃圾食品）later in their trip. In department stores, the women’s shoe section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品) section: while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later.
Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up.
When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.
40.Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?
A. To save customers times. B. To show they are high quality foods.
C. To help sell junk food. D. To sell them at discount prices.
41.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?
A. Opening the store early in the morning. B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.
C. Inviting customers to play music. D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.
42.What is the California builder’s story intended to prove?
A. The house structure is a key factor customers consider.
B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells.
C. An ocean view is much to the customers’ taste.
D. A good first impression increases sales.
43.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.
B. To introduces how businesses have grown from the past.
C. To report researches on customer behavior.
D. To show dishonest business practices.
45.（2015安徽E）
Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
72. According to the passage, sharing bread______.
A. indicates a lack of food B. can help to develop unity
C. is a custom unique to rural areas D. has its roots in birthday celebrations
73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?
A. Trust. B. Success. C. Health. D. Togetherness.
74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.
A. using examples B. making comparisons C. analyzing causes D. describing processes
75. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The custom of sharing food. B. The specific meaning of food.
C. The role of food in ceremonies. D. The importance of food in culture.
46.（2015浙江A）
From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they "know" all the words they are reading. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.
One day soon after school had started, I said to them, "Now I'm going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean. "
The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr Holt, do you really mean that?" I said just as seriously, "I mean every word of it.”
During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself, "It can't be," and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in the edition with woodcuts. I said, "Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going?" She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part."
This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is -- an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of "understanding" that can be dug out of a book.
41. According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may result from______.
A.reading little and thinking little B.reading often and adventurously
C.being made to read too much D.being made to read aloud before others
2. The teacher told his students to read______.
A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge
C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams
43. Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that______.
A.it sounded stupid B.it was not surprising at all
C.it sounded too good to be true D.it was no different from other teachers' talk
44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A.She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B.She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C.She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D.She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
45. From the teacher's point of view, ______.
A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading
B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read
C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school
D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information
47. (2015陕西D)
Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.
The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.
Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."
Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.
Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."
58. The underlined expression "parental involvement" in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A. parents' expectation on children's health
B. parents' participation in children's education
C. parents' control over children's life
D. parents' plan for children's future
59.What is the major finding of Robinson's study?
A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.
B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.
C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.
D. Parents are not able to help with children’s homework.
60. The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should .
A. help children realize the importance of schooling
B. set a specific life goal for their children
C. spend more time improving their own lives
D. take a more active part in school management
48.（2015江苏D）Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But, “ the excellent becomes the permanent,” Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Countries where their people need help.
B. Powerful states with higher civilization.
C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.
D. Governments ruled with absolute power.
66. People believing in freedom are those who ______.
A. regard their life as their own business
B. seek gains as their primary object
C. behave within the laws and value systems
D. treat others with kindness and pity
67. What change in attitude took place in Athens?
A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
68. What does the sentence “ There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Athens would continue to be free.
B. Athens would cease to have freedom.
C. Freedom would come from responsibility.
D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?
A. The author is hopeful about freedom.
B. The author is cautious about self-government.
C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.
D. The author is proud of man’s capacity.
70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?
A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.
D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
Keys:
1. 21-23 CDA 2. 65-67 DDA 3. 33-35 BDA 4. CAD 5. 36-40DAACD
6.CDBC 7. 46-49 ABBC 8. AC
9. Keys: BBCA 10. 72-75 CADB 11. Keys: BCDCD
explicit 明确的，清楚的; 直言的; 详述的; 不隐瞒的
have it (that) 称……属实，说……是真的
Rumour has it that we'll have a new manager soon.据传我们即将拥有一位新经理。
If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older.如果你小时精明的话，年龄大时就会少会电视。
12. ＤＣＤＡ
本篇文章理解难度较大，读完后不知所云。故本文要弄清楚文章的主旨实际上是批评这本书的。
13. BDBAC 14. BBAA capitalise 利用，使资本化 15. BDCBD
30. CBBDA 31. CACDA 32.BDBC 33. CBBAA 34. CBDDA 35. CBDC 36. BABDC 37. BDABCC 38. DACB 39. CABC 40. BABC 41. DBDAC 42. BABC 43. CDADD 44. CDDA 45. BBAD 46. DACCB 47. BCA 48. DCABAD