英语阅读理解编题技巧
阅读理解编题技巧
一、原创题的基本原则
1.材料新颖：材料必须是还没有人用来命过任何题的“新”材料。选材料时，要百度一下，只要有人用过就不要再用。所选材料必须注明出处，以便编辑查实。
2.内容可读：选择与考生学习与生活相关话题的材料，特别是能体现中外文化的文章，内容可读性强，能增长知识，体现正能量。
3.短文难度：全国卷短文含高中词汇多(特别是课标词汇表中的八级词汇)，派生词多，熟词生义多，但超纲词少，我们就要选这类文章。
4.保证原创：杜绝抄袭，文责自负。
5.保证无错：编好后请两三个成绩优秀的学生做一次，再根据情况修改；然后再请你读大学时的相好的同学或责任性强的同事帮忙审读同遍，根据其意见修改，确定命题科学无错后，再发给我。编一篇题发一篇题。发到gdjygzyy@126.com或249769233@qq.com
特别提醒：请一定记得在稿件中写明作者姓名、单位、地址、电话。
二、阅读理解的具体要求
1.短文长度：
A—D篇须兼顾4种文体，各种文体短文的大致长度及命题个数如下：
信息类：230—280个词；3-4个小题(需同时满足以下四个条件：体裁可以是通知、通告、公告、指南、说明等；无论哪类，都应有4个小标题；第1和第4个小标题的段落要设题；2－3个细节题，最后1题为目的题或推断题，分别见2017，2016年第24题)
记叙文：250—350个词；4个小题(高仿全国I卷2017阅读B篇，2016阅读C篇)
报道类：250—350个词；4个小题(参看全国I卷2017阅读C篇，2016阅读B篇)
说明文：250—350个词；4个小题(参看全国I卷2017和2016阅读D篇)
A—D四篇短文的总词汇量1100—1200之间。
2.超纲词处理：虽然要求一定要选含高中词汇多的文章，但是一定要极少或没有超纲词(来稿最大的问题是：要么含高中词汇少，要么是超纲词多。或者命题老师虽然教过多年高三但对考纲词汇并不熟，也不愿去查，过份相信自己)。对超纲词尽可能用近义表达去替换或改写，个别不影响文章大意的理解或与解题无关或者通过上下文很容易猜出其大致意思的可以保留，对影响理解大意或解题的超纲词一定要用汉语注明，但一篇文章不宜超过3个。
3.考点设置：
(1)单篇阅读，设4个小题，尽量含推断题、细节题、主旨题、词义或指代题等。
(2)若是套题，在这15个小题中，须有：
1-2道主旨题(如title和purpose可以只设title，也可各设1道)。
1-2道指代题或猜义题(mean, refer to)。
4－5道推断题，其中1道含infer，1－2道信息归纳题(高仿全国III卷第30题)。
4.题干形式：请用提问式，不要用填空式。提问方式要高度仿真近3年(2014--2016)全国卷阅读题，或直接搬过来，或略加改写。
5.题干长度：一般在10个词以内，最长不要超过15个词。
6.选项长度：一般在5个以内，最长不要超过10个词。
7.选项排列：四个选项的长度大致相当，A—D通常是由短到长依次排列，但偶尔可以是由短到长依次排列，但不要时短时长，杂乱无章。
8.题干选项：
(1)题干与原文中的句子在表达上不要过于明显，适当改写。
(2)正确选项与文章信息不要过于直接，一看就明，若是根据一句话命题，要用不同的表达方式；最好的正确答案是根据文中两个或多个信息点归纳而成的选项。当然以高度模仿高考命题为准。
(3)错误选项与文中信息意思完全相反，或范围大小不同，或以偏概全，或无中生有，或张冠李戴，但尽可能多地运用文中出现的词语，以便给没有读懂的考生增加迷惑性。
9.考点分布均匀：如四段四题，要一段一题，最好文章头尾要有题，不设题的段落一般是中间信息量少的段落，当然第一自然段太短或信息量少也可以不命题。但一般不可从文章中间才开始设题，也不要后面一大段没有设题。
10.答案分布：若是一套阅读题，正确选项中ABCD基本均等，即15题中除一个字母是3个外，其余各为4个。
三、解析格式与截稿时间
编写格式：答案、解析、助读强化词汇。在写答案与解析前，用一两句话概括短文的主要内容。(示例见下面)
正确答案与文中答题信息句，请用红色标明，详见示例。
助读强化：每篇列出10—20个助读强化词汇，只注明在本文中的词性和在本文中的词义，不写音标(以后由排版人员补上)。
“助读”就是你估计中下成绩考生可能不理解的词、短语或句式，以词块为主；
“强化”就是你认为是非常重要的有必要让学生反复强化记忆的词。
在此列的都是纲内词，包括纲内词的派生词、合成词或转化词。关于超纲词，除被制定考纲者疏忽的常用词(如opportunity, complain, diligent, economy, charity, invest, install, online等)外，一般不列。
截稿时间：元月5日若有不明的，请随时电话联系13535017389或QQ(249769233)留言。
当遇到不知如何命好题时，请反复研究最近三年的全国新课标高考真题。
字号、字体，格式要求
1.字号：正文内容用5号字。
2.字体：英文用Times New Roman；汉语用宋体
3.页面设置，“格式”见下图：
[示列]
1.记叙文：
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film——it wanted somebody as well-known as Paul——he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other——but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back——he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.
24. Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?
A. Paul Newman wanted it. B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent.
C. He wasn’t famous enough. D. The director recommended someone else.
25. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A. They were of the same age. B. They worked in the same theater.
C. They were both good actors. D. They had similar characteristics.
26. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Their belief. B. Their care for children.
C. Their success. D. Their support for each other.
27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show his love of films. B. To remember a friend.
C. To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience.
本文作者讲述了与Paul的友谊。
24. C 事实细节题。由第一段中的When the studio didn’t want me for the film——it wanted somebody as well-known as Paul可知，这家电影公司不想让作者参演这部电影，是因为该公司希望找到像Paul这样有名的人，言外之意是作者没有像Paul这样有名，也就是作者还不够有名气，故选C项。
25. D 分析概括题。第二段最后一句Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship是总结句，Those指前面所述内容，这些内容其实就是“他们有共同的特质”，故选D项。
26. A 代词指代题。根据前句，也就是第三段的开头We shared the belief that… 可知，本句的that是指Their belief，故选A项。
26. B 写作目的题。第一段写作者与Paul初相识，第二段和第三套讲建立长久友谊的原因，第四段谈Paul病逝前作者看望Paul时的情景，全文都是讲作者与Paul的友谊的，可见作者写这篇文章是为了纪念一个朋友。
考纲词汇强化
financially adv.经济上 (finance)
underlying adj.含蓄的，潜在的
respectful adj.尊敬人的
agent n.经纪人，代理
studio n.电影公司；摄影棚
power n.很有权力或影响力的人
characteristic n.性格，物征
stand up for sb为某人说话，支持某人
grow out of产生于
have its roots in起源于
be respectful of尊敬
be focused on集中于
dig into深入钻研，致力于
character n.(小说﹑ 戏剧等中的)人物
quality n. 属性，品质(characteristic)
virtue n.美德，优点(advantage) M9U1
be typical of 是……的特点
show up到来，出现
recommend vt.推荐
2.报道类：
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white any more. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’ s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(领悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “So I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster. ”
28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A. To remember the birth of jazz. B. To protect cultural diversity.
C. To encourage people to study music. D. To recognize the value of jazz.
29. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Jazz becoming more accessible.
B. The production of jazz growing faster.
C. Jazz being less popular with the young.
D. The jazz audience becoming larger.
30. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually. B. It remains black and white.
C. It should keep up with the times. D. It changes every 50 years.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Exploring the Future of jazz. B. The Rise and Fall of jazz.
C. The Story of a jazz Musician. D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.
本文从联合国教科文组织将4月30日设为国际爵士乐日开始，谈到爵士乐的听众下降，并分析原因，指出要与时俱进，到最后对爵士乐未来的探索。本文结构是指出现象→分析原因→方法措施。
28. D 事实细节题。由第一段第二句 “UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying voice across cultures”可知，将4月30日设定为国际爵士乐日是为了提高对爵士乐音乐及其意义，以及作为不同文化之间的共同声音的潜在作用的认识。对比各选项，只有选项D(为了认识爵士乐的价值)正确。
29. C 代词指代题。代词通常指代前面的内容，此处的that指代前句，也就是前段末的the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations，只有选项C符合。
30. C 推理判断题。从第四段和第五段中引用的Moran对爵士乐发表的看法有：“爵士乐不再是美国人爱好了”“爵士乐不再是黑白的，它实际上是彩色的，是数字化的”“这种音乐用1908或1958年的方式无法表达今天。它不得不要前行，因为今天的世界已经不同了。”由此推断，这种音乐要与时俱进，故选C项。
31. A 文章标题题。本题用排除法较容易，因本文并没有讲爵士乐沉浮，特虽是rise，可排除选项B项;也不是讲述爵士乐音乐家的故事，可排除选项C项；更不是具体介绍庆祝爵士乐节情况，可排除选项D项。
考纲词汇强化
adviser n. 顾问
widen vt. 扩大，扩充，拓宽
reconsider v.重新考虑
awareness n.知道，晓得
shrink vi.缩小，下降
accessible adj.容易取得的，可使用的
preserve vt. 保护,保存
appetite n. 爱好, 食欲
accomplish vt.达到(目的),完成(任务),实现(计划)
digital adj. 数字的
entertainment n.娱乐
aspect n.方面
abstract adj.抽象的
foster vt.培养，促进
raise awareness of提高对……的认识
kind of在某种程度上，稍微
put sth back in mind 把某事物记在心里
lose sight (of)忽略，看不见
abstract adj. 抽象的;深奥的
record n.唱片
3.说明文
A build-it-yourself solar still (蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U. S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5×5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive. C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.
33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup.
34. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from___________.
A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole
C. the open air D. beneath the sheet
本文主要介绍了自制太阳能蒸馏器所需的器材、步骤，以及蒸馏器的工作原理。
32. D 事实细节题。由第一段最后一句“These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt”可知，选项D正确。
33. B 名词指代题。指代前句中的still，将洞弄在潮湿的地方是为了提高蒸馏器的效率。
34. C 细节理解题。由第三段第一句的后部and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock可知，选项C正确。
35. D 细节理解题。由第四段第二句 “Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup”可知，水滴是从那张塑胶下面流下来的，故选D项。
考纲词汇强化
readily adv.容易地
collector n.收集器
milky adj.乳白色的; 乳制的
productivity n.生产力，生产率
refreshment n.饮用水
build-it-yourself 自制的
develop vt.开发，构想，制定
equipment n.装备，设备
all but几乎; 差不多(almost)
substitute n.代用品，代替者
component n.组成部分，部件
slightly adv.轻微地
tube n.管，软管
container n.容器
fold vt.折叠
fasten vt.扎牢，系牢
delicate adj.易碎的
portable adj.便于携带的
construct vt.建造
damp adj.潮湿的
in place 在合适的位置
rest v.倚靠
secure vt.固定住; 系住
weight vt.加重量于
suck vt.吸（液体或气体等）
break down毁坏
选材：个人情况；家庭、朋友与周围的人；人际关系；节假日活动；学校生活；自然环境；科普；历史地理；社会生活；日常生活；饮食健康；语言文化；旅游交通；文学与艺术