语法填空不容忽视的六个方面
一、题目要求
根据语法填空的要求：“阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式”可知，做语法填空题就是要用提示词的相应形式来填空。比如说，句子中缺一个定语，本来可以用现在分词，也可以填定语从句，但根据语法填空的题目要求，填了定语从句就错了。
【典例1】(2016·郑州高三一测) Tu is the first native Chinese person_______(receive) a Nobel Prize in natural science.
【解析与答案】分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词，可以确定空白后应为定语，于是有考生误填为who receives。事实上，根据语法填空的要求，有提示词的空白处要用其正确形式填空，本题提示词为动词，只可能是考查考生对其时态、语态、非谓语动词形式和构词法等知识的掌握情况，不可能用定语从句。同时由于名词前有序数词修饰，应用动词不定式作定语。故本题应填to receive．
二、词性和词形
语法填空中给出的提示词可能是名词、形容词，也可能是动词，但空白处究竟填什么样的词性，就要根据具体的语境来确定，否则如果按照惯性思维就会填错。比如，若括号中所给词为动词，根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，有可能是填谓语形式、非谓语形式，也可能是词性、词义或词形转换题，如要考查与词根意义相反的派生词，比如要在词根前加un-, im-, in-, mis-等，或在词根后加less等。
【典例2】(2014·惠州高三三调) Delighted, the country mouse accepted the 17 (invite) and came to the city mouse's house.
【解析与答案】词性、词义或词形转换题。空格位位于动词accepted之后，应该作宾语，故用其名词形式，这里指的是请柬，故填写invitation。
【典例3】(2016·天一大联考阶段性测试二)Zhuhai serves as the gateway to Macau, and a tourist destination for ___________(visit) from Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
【解析与答案】词性、词义或词形转换题。根据句意：珠海成了澳门的门户，是来处中国大陆、香港、澳门和台湾游客的旅游目的地，此处指游客visitor，且是一个可数名词，故本题填visitors。
【典例4】(2016·湖南师大附中月考)When they saw the boy on the back of the hawk, they filled with ________(angry)and wonder.
【解析与答案】词性转换题。虽然提示词是形容词，但介词后面应用名词，故本题填anger。
三、上下文语境
忽视上下文语境，是指有些考生忽视了上下文的逻辑关系，或者是时间先后，或者是上下文的指代，从而造成填写错误。比如说a few hours ________，要根据语境来判断应该是几小时前还是几小时后。
【典例5】(2015·全国卷I)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 2 , I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
【解析与答案】根据句意：当我黎明前到达阳朔时天正下着小雨，但我不在在乎。在几个小时之前我还在香港的家里，弥漫着呛人的雾霾。这里的空气清新洁净。可知我在香港的家里是在几个小时之前，故填写before/earlier。另外，本句的时态用了过去完成时，也说明是在几个小时之前。
【典例6】(2016·郑州高三一测) Sweet wormwood(青蒿) is a common plant in China, 61 it has the power to cure deadly disease called malaria(疟疾).
【解析与答案】有考生认识到空白前后均为分句，也没有分号或句号，则一定是填并列连词或从属连词，但忽略意义而填了and．事实上，根据本句内容可知，Sweet wormwood is a common plant和it has the power to cure deadly disease是转折关系，故用转折连词but。
【典例7】(2015•安徽，24改编)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ________(leave) my book in the cafe.
【解析与答案】“我把书忘在了咖啡馆”发生在“我意识到这件事”之前，而“我意识到”是发生在过去的一个动作，故“忘记”应用过去完成时。故填had left
【典例8】(2015考试说明样题) Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I must have put them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 70 .
【解析与答案】 根据my的提示，此处应该使用名词，根据上下文语境，本空白处应用mind/memory，构成lose my mind，意为“不能自己，失去理智”。 故填mind/memory
【典例9】(2015·全国卷I)A study of travelers_68__(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
【解析与答案】 有考生认为此处应是谓语动词，故填空has been conducted．其实，分析句子结构，本句谓语为names，空白处应为定语，这里表示一家网站所进行的调查。过去分词作定语表示被动关系，故填conducted.
【典例10】(2016·郑州高三一测)Tu used to test _______(medicine) by eating them himself.
【解析与答案】medicine本来既是可数名词，也不可数名词，但根据空白后them可指此处应用其复数形式，故本题填medicines。
四、单词拼写
注意区分不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词三种形式的不同，特殊名词变复数，副词变化的特殊情况等。
【典例11】(2016·郑州一中教育集团高三第一次联考) When we arrived, we found Wang Li was 65 (extreme) charming.
【解析与答案】空白处后为形容词，故应填副词形式extremely.注意不要写成extremly.
常见易错的词有：written, held, lay, referred, taught, bookshelves, description, irresponsible, whether, comfortably, (un)fortunately, terribly, truly, seriously.
【典例13】(2016·福建省五校高中毕业班统考)We should make every effort to prevent school violence happening at school, for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal 65 (safe) could not be guaranteed.
【解析与答案】分析句子成分，形容词personal后应是名词，作if从句的主语。故填safety。部分考生会漏掉字母，误写作safty。
五、句子成分
忽视句子成分，指部分考生由于句子成分划分错误，造成填错答案。
【典例13】(2015·全国卷II)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
【解析与答案】根据后面的thick是一个形容词，因此填how引导宾语从句，作figured out的宾语。故填how。
【典例14】(2016·临沂市模拟)They did not mind the truth ________ slavery continued in the south.
【解析与答案】有考生看到空白后有名词，便填了介词about。实际上，分析句子结构，空白后是一个同位语从句，因此填that引导同位语从句，作truth 的同位语。故填that。
【典例15】(2016·江津中学阶段测试)Since I got to know him, I have learned that strangers can become friends and _______ life can be more enjoyable if I make friendly conversations.
【解析与答案】有考生看到空白后有名词，便填了冠词that。实际上，分析句子结构，空白后是一个宾语从句，因此填that引导宾语从句，作learn的宾语。故填that。
六、固定句型
忽视固定句型，主要指有些考生未能根据特殊的句式结构或固定搭配来答题。
①由it is ...that...强调结构判断，填it还是that；so/such...that, (n)either...(n)or,等。
【典例16】(2013·广东高考) Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little.
【解析与答案】此处表示“也不”，要注意neither...nor搭配。故填nor
②由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。
【典例17】(2016·郑州高三第一次质量预测)She also thinks_____is scientists’duty to fight for the health of all humans.
【解析与答案】有考生认为空白处应引导宾语从句，误填that。其实，本句运用了句型：It’s sb’s duty to do sth做某事是某人的责任。think后的宾语从句缺主语，用it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans.故填it。
③使用There is no doubt that..., There is no sense in doing sth., It’s high time that sb. did/should do sth., It is/was the first(second) time taht sb. has/had done sth., be doing sth/will do/had done when..., have no choice but to do. It will be not long before...
【典例18】(2015·广东卷)One day, the cow was eating grass _______ it began to rain heavily.
【解析与答案】此处运用句型：be doing sth when，所以填when。
【典例19】(2015·全国卷II)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ________(cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
【解析与答案】此处运用句型：“形容词或副词+enough to+动词原形”，故本题填to cool。
【典例20】（2016·天星教育未来脑毕业班大联考）It was not long 70 he finished all the questions.
【解析与答案】考查连词。It was not long before...“不久……就……”，为固定句式，故本题填before。
④使用一些常见词组：as a matter of fact, be proud of, at the same time, by car,
【典例21】(2015·广东卷)Now it occurred to that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【解析与答案】此处运用了常见词组occur to sb意为“突然想到……”，根据句意，是“我突然想到”，所以用me。