高考英语短文改错少词多词考点归纳

发表时间:2017/02/01 00:00:00  浏览次数:1176  
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高考英语短文改错少词多词考点归纳

分析高考得分数据可知,短文改错是全卷中失分最多的题型,成为最难的试题。分析失分原因,并不是因为该种题型有多难,而是它直击学生学习英语出现的的弱点。分析突破方法,笔者以为可以从较简单解决的少词和多词的情况入手。

一、少词

1)这一设错点出现的以考查词法为主的考点有:

1)介词:不及物动词后直接跟宾语;固定短语中介词的缺少现象等。

My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. (2016·全国Ⅰ)dreams之后加上ofabout

2)冠词:根据语境表示泛指时可数名词前面不定冠词的缺失;表特指时名词前定冠词的缺失等。

But in that case, we will learn little about world. (2016·全国Ⅱ) world前加the

I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.(2016·四川)kitchen前加the

3)动词不定式:在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加to

I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.2015·陕西】just后加to

2)这一设错点出现的以考查句法为主的考点有:

1be动词:被动语态中助动词的缺失;系表结构中连系动词be的缺失等。

2)从句:定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的缺失;名词性从句中连接代词或连接副词的缺失;状语从句中连词的缺失等。

3)这一设错点出现的以考查行文逻辑为主的考点有:

句意:主要是根据上下文需要添加一些否定词以符合原文内容。

二、多词

1)这一设错点出现的以考查词法为主的考点有:

1)介词:

有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词,在英语中是及物动词,可能多一个介词。如:serve for the people, follow after him, play with her in a match, marry with her, engage with her

Please help with me and give me some advice.2015·四川】去掉with 

有些动词可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,但搭配不同,可能混淆而多一个介词。如:join in the game, join in the club; pay for a TV set, pay for three dollars; search for the map, search for the thief for his watch

有些动词 + 介词形式的动词后面没有宾语时,后面的介词是多余的。如:

He looked at but could see nothing.

How are you getting on with?

有些动词、名词、形容词后接名词或代词时须加一个介词,但接that从句时,必须去掉介词。如:agree to it, agree to that...; be sure of it, be sure of that…; be sorry for it, be sorry for that…

有些副词或介词词组后加一个介词,组成了复合介词,若后面没有接宾语时,最后的介词则是多余的。如:

If you won’t go, I’ll go instead of.

He walked out of.

有些连词后加 of 成为复合介词,如果后接从句,of 是多余的。如:Because of he was ill…

地点副词的意义中已经包含了介词 to,如果再用 to则是多余的。如:on my way to there, get to home, go to upstairs, return to home

⑧ last year, next month, this week, one day等名词词组直接充当时间状语,前面用介词是多余的。

My soccer coach retired in last week. 2015·陕西】去掉in

2)冠词:

与介词 at, in, to连用的名词 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, bed 等表示与其有关的活动时,用冠词是多余的。如:go to the school(上学), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡觉)

by 连用的交通工具名称和 air, land, sea 等名词前用冠词是多余的。如:by the bike, by the sea, by the train

表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如:play the / a volleyball, play the chess, play the table tennis

专有名词 + 普通名词构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如:the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the Hyde Park

在一些固定搭配中。如:at the first, at the last, the most of us

At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. (2016·全国Ⅲ) 去掉the

⑥ most 非常解时,前面用 the 是多余的。如:

Oh! It’s the most beautiful!

She is the most diligent.

含有 Day 的节日前加 the 是多余的。如:the May Day, the Women’s Day, the National day, the New Year’s Day

名词 + as / though…”结构中,名词前不用任何冠词。如:a child as he is / a fool as he is

3)副词:

有些动词受汉语意思影响而多一副词,如:stop down(停下来), raise up (举起来), return back(归来,回来), repeat again (复述)

He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.2015·新课标全国IIvery去掉

4)小品词 to

had better, would rather, rather than 后的不定式前用 to 是多余的。如:

You had better not to go.

I would rather to stay at home

make, let, have, see, feel, watch, notice, observe 等使役、感官动词后充当宾语补足语的不定式前用 to 是多余的。如:

He made me to do heavy work.

Let me to hear you to play.

5)代词

At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. (2016·全国Ⅲ) whenever后加I

Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.2015·新课标全国IIsaw后加his

用不定式作定语时,如果其逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是被修饰的名词词组,后面再用代词是多余的。如:

The tea is too hot to drink it.

He is a good comrade to work with him.

形容词 + 不定式句型中,如果不定式的逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是句子的主语,再用代词作宾语或介词宾语则是多余的。如:

This question is too difficult to answer it.

The house is nice to live in it. (from www.nmet168.com)

连词 + 分词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词词组结构中,加上代词作主语是多余的。如:

He took notes while he reading.

If it heated, ice turns to water.

6)助动词

Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.  (2016·浙江) 去掉had【解析】would do 表示过去常常做

时间、条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时,用 will, would 是多余的。如:

If he will try hard, he will succeed.

I’ll tell them about it as soon as they will come.

② be sure make sure + that 从句中用一般现在时表将来,用 will, would 是多余的。如:

I make sure that you will come early.

③Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.2015·新课标全国Ibeen去掉

独立结构中的 be(助动词或连系动词)是多余的。如:

The game was over, he went home.

She smiled, tears were still running down her face.

2)这一设错点出现的以考查句法为主的考点有:

状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词,如:although/though… but; because… so; the more… and the more

 Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. (2016·全国Ⅰ) 去掉but

充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。如:

Sitting down and he began to work.

Regarded as the best in the class, so he was praised at the meeting.

从属连词后多一 that。如:because that… since that…, unless that…

复合宾语前多一 that。如:

I heard that him say it.

I found that her lying on the ground.

作定语的分词前多一关系代词。如:

I know the boy who standing there. (也可在 who 后加 is)

The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.(也可在 who 后加was)

定语从句中的名词已由关系代词取代,再用代词则是多余的。如:

She bought the book (that) she had first asked for it.

I have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of her.

3)这一设错点出现的以考查行文逻辑为主的考点有:

句意:主要是根据上下文语境需要删除一个否定词以符合原文内容。

Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.2015·浙江】删除not 

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