高考英语短文改错少词多词考点归纳
高考英语短文改错少词多词考点归纳
分析高考得分数据可知,短文改错是全卷中失分最多的题型,成为最难的试题。分析失分原因,并不是因为该种题型有多难,而是它直击学生学习英语出现的的弱点。分析突破方法,笔者以为可以从较简单解决的少词和多词的情况入手。
一、少词
(1)这一设错点出现的以考查词法为主的考点有:
1)介词:不及物动词后直接跟宾语;固定短语中介词的缺少现象等。
My uncle says that he never dreams becoming
rich in a short period of time. (2016·全国Ⅰ) 在dreams之后加上of或about
2)冠词:根据语境表示泛指时可数名词前面不定冠词的缺失;表特指时名词前定冠词的缺失等。
But in that case, we will learn little about
world. (2016·全国Ⅱ) world前加the
I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I
cooked in kitchen.(2016·四川)kitchen前加the
3)动词不定式:在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加to。
I might have to retire again next year just
get some more of these biscuits.【2015·陕西】just后加to
(2)这一设错点出现的以考查句法为主的考点有:
1)be动词:被动语态中助动词的缺失;系表结构中连系动词be的缺失等。
2)从句:定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的缺失;名词性从句中连接代词或连接副词的缺失;状语从句中连词的缺失等。
(3)这一设错点出现的以考查行文逻辑为主的考点有:
句意:主要是根据上下文需要添加一些否定词以符合原文内容。
二、多词
(1)这一设错点出现的以考查词法为主的考点有:
1)介词:
① 有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词,在英语中是及物动词,可能多一个介词。如:serve for the people, follow after him, play
with her in a match, marry with her, engage with her
Please help with me and give me some advice.【2015·四川】去掉with
② 有些动词可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,但搭配不同,可能混淆而多一个介词。如:join in the game, 但 join in the club; pay for a TV set, 但 pay for three dollars; search for the map, 但 search for the thief for his watch
③ 有些“动词 + 介词”形式的动词后面没有宾语时,后面的介词是多余的。如:
He
looked at but could see nothing.
How
are you getting on with?
④ 有些动词、名词、形容词后接名词或代词时须加一个介词,但接that从句时,必须去掉介词。如:agree to it, 但 agree to that...; be sure of it, 但be sure of that…; be sorry for it, 但 be sorry for that…
⑤ 有些副词或介词词组后加一个介词,组成了复合介词,若后面没有接宾语时,最后的介词则是多余的。如:
If
you won’t go, I’ll go instead of.
He
walked out of.
⑥ 有些连词后加 of 成为复合介词,如果后接从句,of 是多余的。如:Because of he was ill…
⑦ 地点副词的意义中已经包含了介词 to,如果再用 to则是多余的。如:on my way to there, get to home,
go to upstairs, return to home
⑧
last year, next month, this week, one day等名词词组直接充当时间状语,前面用介词是多余的。
My soccer coach retired in last week. 【2015·陕西】去掉in
2)冠词:
① 与介词 at, in, to连用的名词 school, class, town, hospital, church,
prison, bed 等表示与其有关的活动时,用冠词是多余的。如:go to the school(上学), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡觉)
② 与 by 连用的交通工具名称和 air, land, sea 等名词前用冠词是多余的。如:by the bike, by the sea, by the train
③ 表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如:play the / a volleyball, play the
chess, play the table tennis
④ 由“专有名词 + 普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如:the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the Hyde Park
⑤ 在一些固定搭配中。如:at the first, at the last, the most of us
At the first, I thought I knew everything and
could make decisions by yourself. (2016·全国Ⅲ) 去掉the
⑥
most 作“非常”解时,前面用 the 是多余的。如:
Oh!
It’s the most beautiful!
She is the most diligent.
⑦ 含有 Day 的节日前加 the 是多余的。如:the May Day, the Women’s Day, the National day, the New Year’s Day
⑧ 在“名词 + as / though…”结构中,名词前不用任何冠词。如:a child as he is / a fool as he is
3)副词:
有些动词受汉语意思影响而多一副词,如:stop down(停下来), raise up (举起来),
return back(归来,回来), repeat again (复述)
He liked it so very much that he quickly
walked into the shop. 【2015·新课标全国II】very去掉
4)小品词 to
① 在 had better, would rather, rather
than 后的不定式前用 to 是多余的。如:
You
had better not to go.
I
would rather to stay at home
② 在 make, let, have, see, feel,
watch, notice, observe 等使役、感官动词后充当宾语补足语的不定式前用 to 是多余的。如:
He
made me to do heavy work.
Let
me to hear you to play.
5)代词
At last, I will be on my own, but I still
want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. (2016·全国Ⅲ) whenever后加I
Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. 【2015·新课标全国II】saw后加his
用不定式作定语时,如果其逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是被修饰的名词词组,后面再用代词是多余的。如:
The
tea is too hot to drink it.
He
is a good comrade to work with him.
⑤ 在“形容词 + 不定式”句型中,如果不定式的逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是句子的主语,再用代词作宾语或介词宾语则是多余的。如:
This
question is too difficult to answer it.
The
house is nice to live in it. (from www.nmet168.com)
⑥ 在“连词 + 分词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词词组”结构中,加上代词作主语是多余的。如:
He
took notes while he reading.
If
it heated, ice turns to water.
6)助动词
Then
he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they
would talk about his day and hers. (2016·浙江) 去掉had【解析】would do 表示“过去常常做”。
① 时间、条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时,用 will, would 是多余的。如:
If
he will try hard, he will succeed.
I’ll
tell them about it as soon as they will come.
②
be sure 或 make sure + that 从句中用一般现在时表将来,用 will, would 是多余的。如:
I
make sure that you will come early.
③Lots
of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very
serious problem. 【2015·新课标全国I】been去掉
④ 独立结构中的 be(助动词或连系动词)是多余的。如:
The
game was over, he went home.
She
smiled, tears were still running down her face.
(2)这一设错点出现的以考查句法为主的考点有:
① 状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词,如:although/though… but; because… so; the more… and the more
Though not very big, but the
restaurant is popular in our area. (2016·全国Ⅰ) 去掉but
② 充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。如:
Sitting
down and he began to work.
Regarded
as the best in the class, so he was praised at the meeting.
③ 从属连词后多一 that。如:because that… since that…, unless
that…
④ 复合宾语前多一 that。如:
I
heard that him say it.
I
found that her lying on the ground.
② 作定语的分词前多一关系代词。如:
I
know the boy who standing there. (也可在 who 后加 is)
The
man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.(也可在 who 后加was)
③ 定语从句中的名词已由关系代词取代,再用代词则是多余的。如:
She
bought the book (that) she had first asked for it.
I
have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of her.
(3)这一设错点出现的以考查行文逻辑为主的考点有:
句意:主要是根据上下文语境需要删除一个否定词以符合原文内容。
Close to the school there was a beautiful
park with many trees around it. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the
view of snowy mountains. 【2015·浙江】删除not